Environmental Studies

 Text Book of Env. Studies: By Erach Bharucha Env. Studies:

 Introduction to Env. Science: By Y. Anjaneyulu Env. Science:  Environmental Sc. & Technology: By Davis Sc. Technology: & Mason  Prospectives in Environmental Studies: By Kaushik Studies: & Kaushik  Environmental Engineering: By G. Kiely Engineering:  Environmental Studies: By S. Deswal & A Deswal Studies:

UNITUNIT-I
Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies

Definitions
 Environmental science is the study of how various species interact with one another and with the non-living nonenvironment (matter & energy). energy).  It is the study of interaction of the biotic component (plants, animals and micro-organisms) among themselves and microtogether with the abiotic components (temperature, rainfall, Relative humidity, soil, air, fire, atmosphere and topography i.e. environmental biology or ecology etc.). etc.  The word environment is derived from an old French word ENVIRONNER which means ENCIRCLE. ENCIRCLE.  In real world everything that affects an organism during its life time is collectively known as its Environment. Environment.

Scope of Environmental Studies

 Natural Resources their conservation and management  Ecology and Biodiversity  Environmental Pollution and Control  Social Issues in relation to development and environment  Human Population and the Environment

Factors Affecting Environmental Problems .

 Rapid population growth. growth  Simplification and degradation of parts of earths life support systems. systems  Poverty  Wide-spread use of relatively cheap and Wideenvironmentally damaging fossil fuels (coal and oil). oil).  Rapid and wasteful use of resources with too little emphasis on pollution prevention and waste reduction. reduction.

Major Environmental Problems.

    
Air Pollution Water Pollution Biodiversity Degradation Waste Production Food Supply Problems

Three Factor Model for Environmental Degradation

 According to this model, the environmental degradation and population i.e. the environmental impact of population (I) in a given area depends on three factors: factors: 1. 2. The number of people or Population size (P) The Avg. number of units of resources each person uses Avg. or Per- capita Consumption or Affluence (A) PerThe amount of environmental degradation produced for each unit of resources used (T) and pollution

3.

I ! P * A *T

3 Rs Principles
 Reduce  Recycle  Reuse

Environmental Auditing and ISO 14000

Need For Public Awareness

 Institutions in Environment  Peoples in Environment
Institutions in Environment: Government Organizations: BSI (The Botanical Survey of India), Calcutta, 1890, surveys of plant resources in different regions of India. ZSI (The Zoological survey of India), Calcutta, 1916, collects specimens of different animal lives, working in 16 regional centers in India.

Non-Government Organizations: BNSH (The Bombay Natural History Society), Bombay, 1883, working on wild life, policy building, research, popular publications and Public awareness. WWF-I (The World-Wide Fund for Nature - India), Bombay (but now in New Delhi), 1969, Wildlife education, workshops, conferences, publishing articles and awareness. CSE (Center for Science and Environment), New Delhi, workshops, conferences, publishing articles and awareness. CPREEC (C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar Env. Edu. Center), Madras, 1988, conservation of environmental assets, wild life, biodiversity issues. CEE (Center for Env. Education), Ahmedabad, 1989, conducting programs, producing variety of educational materials

Peoples in Environment
           

Charles Darwin (author of origin of species) Ralph Emerson John Muir Aldo Leopold Eu Wilson Indira Gandhi (Wildlife protection act) S.P. Godrej M.S. Swaminathan Madhav Gadgil M.C. Mehta Anil Agarwal Sunderlal Bahuguna