CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
GRAPHIC DESIGN (THEORY)
 DEFINITION OF DIGITAL
DESIGN

• Digital Design, a term used to describe a wide variety of computer

related skills, includes work in fields such as web design, digital
imaging and 3d modelling.
 DEFINITION OF DIGITAL
MEDIA

• DIGITAL MEDIA: audio, video, and images that exist in a computer-

readable format, and can reside on a local device (cd, dvd, hard drive),
or remote location (website).
 DEFINITION OF GRAPHIC
DESIGN
What is graphic design?

• Graphic design is visual communication using text, imagery,

photographs, color, space, and much more. It is used for posters,
newspapers, books, magazines, web sites, billboards—anywhere people
are trying to convey messages.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• RESOLUTION: refers to the sharpness and clarity of an image,

measured in terms of ppi and dpi.

• PPI: (pixels per inch) measurement used for images displayed on

screen

• DPI: (dots per inch) measurement used in printing images.

 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• IMAGE RESOLUTION is a measurement of the output quality if an

image which usually in terms of samples, pixels, dots or lines per inch.
image resolution is the number of pixels per unit of length in an image;
usually it measured in pixels per inch (ppi).
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• MONITOR RESOLUTION is the number of pixels per unit of length

on a monitor. it expressed in terms of the number of pixels on the
horizontal axis and the number on the vertical axis. the resolution and
the size of the monitor will determine the sharpness of the image on a
display. in a smaller monitor, the same pixel resolution will be shaper.
however, in large monitor, it will lose sharpness because the same
number of pixels are spread over a large number if inches.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• PRINTER RESOLUTION : dpi (dot per inch) is the measurement for printer
resolution and output such as laser printer or image setter. it is a measure of
how many dots of ink or toner a printer can place within an inch. printer
resolution (dpi) = no. of ink dots per inch
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• PIXEL: a word invented from "picture element" - the basic unit of

programmable color on a computer display or in a computer image.

• MEGAPIXEL: a megapixel (that is, a million pixels) is a unit of image

sensing capacity in a digital camera. in general, the more megapixels in a
camera, the better the resolution when printing an image in a given size.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• RGB: (Red, Green, Blue) The Color Model For Display Devices (Monitors,
Digital Projectors, Etc.) Each Displayed Color Is Determined By A
Combination Of RGB.

• CMYK: (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, And Black) The Color Model For Printing.
If You Are Printing Something In Color, Be Sure You Have Saved It In
CMYK.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• BIT-MAPPED (Or Raster) Images: Images That Have Data That Describe The
Color Of Each Pixel. Larger Display Sizes Equal Larger File Sizes In This Type
Of Image. Bitmapped Images Cannot Be Rescaled Without Resulting In
“Pixilation”, Or Loss Of Definition In The Details. JPEG And GIF Images Are
Examples Of Bitmapped Images.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

• VECTOR IMAGES: Vector Images Have Data That Describe Lines

And Curves. These Images Can Be Enlarged And Still Maintain Their
Smooth Edges (Not Pixilated Like Bitmap Images). Adobe Illustrator
Files (.Ai) And Coreldraw Files (.Cdr) Are Examples Of Vector Images.
VECTOR GRAPHIC VS
BITMAP GRAPHIC
 ADVANTAGES OF VECTOR
IMAGES
VECTOR IMAGES HAVE SOME IMPORTANT ADVANTAGES OVER
BITMAP IMAGES:

 vector images tend to be smaller than bitmap images. that’s because a

bitmap image has to store color information for each individual pixel
that forms the image. a vector image just has to store the mathematical
formulas that make up the image, which take up less space.

 Vector images are also more scalable than bitmap images. When a
vector image is scaled up, the image is redrawn using the mathematical
formula. The resulting image is just as smooth as the original.
 VECTOR GRAPHIC VS
BITMAP GRAPHIC
BITMAP GRAPHIC
Bitmap (or raster) images are stored as a
series of tiny dots called pixels
Bitmap graphics can be edited by erasing
or changing the color of individual pixels
using a program such as Adobe Photoshop.
Bitmap formats are best for images that
need to have a wide range of color
gradations, such as most photographs.
VECTOR GRAPHIC
vector images are not based on pixel
patterns, but instead use mathematical
formulas to draw lines and curves that can
be combined to create an image from
geometric objects such as circles and
polygons.
Vector images are edited by manipulating
the lines and curves that make up the
image using a program such as Adobe
Illustrator.
Vector formats, on the other hand, are
better for images that consist of a few areas
of solid color. Examples of images that are
well suited for the vector format include
logos and type.
 DISADVANTAGES OF
VECTOR IMAGES

 Unfortunately, vector formats are not well supported on the web. The
two most popular image formats used on the Web, GIF and JPEG are
bitmap formats.

 Most vector images must first be converted into bitmaps images (or
rasterized) before they can be used on the Web.
 IMAGE SIZE (RESOLUTION)
What Resolution Should Your Images Be?

•The Best Way To Determine The Optimum Resolution Is To Think About

The Final Use Of Your Images.

•For Publication You’ll Need The Highest Resolution, For Desktop Printing
Lower, And For Web Or Classroom Use, Lower Still.
 FILE FORMATS
There Are Many Graphic Image File Formats - The Most Frequently Used
Ones Are Listed Below:
FOR WEB PAGES:

• GIF - Graphics Interchange Format - Indexed color file, for raster

(pixmap) data only. Primarily for synthetic, somewhat flat images such as
logos, diagrams, navigation buttons, etc.

• PNG – Portable Network Graphics -The newest of the three major Web
graphics file formats, with more features than GIF or JPEG.

• JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group -Compressed, lossy file

format, for raster (pixmap) data only. Mostly for photo-type images on the
Web. Can hold RGB data; many compression levels and other options
available.
 FILE FORMATS
FOR PRINTED DOCUMENTS:

• TIFF - Tagged-Image File Format - Used for bitmaps only. The TIFF
format is supported by virtually all graphics applications.

• EPS - Encapsulated PostScript® - A file format used for both vector

graphics and bitmaps. EPS files contain a PostScript description of the
graphic data within them. EPS files are unique in that you can use them for
vector graphics, bitmap images, type or even entire pages.
 DIGITAL IMAGE
Digital Images Can Be Produced In A Number Of Ways, The Most Common Of
Which Are Detailed Below.

SCANNING: You Can Take Pretty Much Any Printed Material And Scan It To
Obtain A Digital Copy Of It.
DIGITAL CAMERAS: Digital Cameras And Camera Phones Are Probably
The Fastest, Easiest Way To Produce Digital Images. Keep In Mind That There
Is Quite A Wide Range Of Performance Differences Among Brands, Models By
The Same Brand, And Between Consumer Vs. Professional Grade Equipment
 DIGITAL IMAGE

PHOTO CD :You May Obtain A Collection Of Digital Images From

Your Photo Processor, Along With Your Developed Prints Or Slides.
Many Photo-processing Services Now Provide Photo Cds With .Jpg
Images On Them.

•:
 COPYRIGHT ISSUES IN
GRAPHIC DESIGN
If you Create The Work, Will you Always Own The Copyright?

• The Short Answer Is Yes, But There Are Some Exceptions. If You Are
Employed And You Design Something For Your Employer, They Will
Usually Own The Copyright.

• If You Are Not Employed But You Do Work For A Client And Agree To
Assign The Copyright In The Work To The Client, You Will Not Be The
Owner Of The Copyright.
 COPYRIGHT ISSUES IN
GRAPHIC DESIGN

How long does copyright last?

The term of copyright protection differs from country to country. But the
rule of thumb is basically while you are alive and for 50 years after your
death (70 years in the US).
 WHAT IS NOT
COPYRIGHTABLE
The following items cannot be copyrighted:

• titles, names, short phrases, and slogans;

• familiar symbols or designs;
• mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring;
• mere listings of ingredients or contents
• Ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts,principles,
discoveries, or devices

• Common information such as calendars, measurement charts, TV guides

• Government or legal documents
A number of these things may be protected by trademarks. But it will be the client, and not the designer,
who will be entitled to apply for trademark protection.
 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN
DIGITAL MEDIA

• A career in Digital Media is a rewarding one with many opportunities

and challenges.

• If you have a creative mind and an interest in technologies, a career in

Digital Media could be for you. The demand for skilled workers in the
interactive Digital Media sector is growing
 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN
DIGITAL MEDIA

• If you're interested in a Digital Media career, you'll be joining other

creators, developers and communicators – artists, designers,
programmers, software engineers, animators, writers, educators,
and business people – who are using digital technologies to deliver
information to people in new ways.
 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN
DIGITAL MEDIA

How can you find out if a career in Digital Media would suit you?

• Think about your talents and interests. Explore your skills and attitudes.
These are important clues to discovering if a particular career path will
provide you with satisfying and meaningful work.
Thank you!