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Individual Behavior and Learning

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Assessing Competencies at EMC

When EMC was about to dramatically expand its work force, an executive team at the enterprise storage products firm developed an Employee Success Profile. This list of generic competencies represented the traits of successful employees, such as goal-orientation and integrity.

Courtesy of EMC Corp.

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Model of Individual Behavior

Role Perceptions Motivation Individual Behavior and Performance Situational Contingencies

Ability

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Types of Work-Related Behaviors

Joining the organization Remaining with the organization Maintaining work attendance Performing required job duties Exhibiting organizational citizenship

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Definition of Learning
A relatively permanent change in behavior (or behavior tendency) that occurs as a result of a persons interaction with the environment.

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Behavior Modification
We operate on the environment
alter behavior to maximize positive and minimize adverse consequences.

Operant versus respondent behaviors Law of effect

likelihood that an operant behavior will be repeated depends on its consequences

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A-B-Cs of OB Modification
Antecedents
What happens before behavior

Behavior
What person says or does

Consequences
What happens After behavior

Example
Attendance bonus system is announced Employee attends scheduled work Employee receives attendance bonus

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Contingencies of Reinforcement
Consequence is Introduced Behavior Increases/ Maintained Positive reinforcement No Consequence Consequence is Removed Negative reinforcement

Behavior Decreases

Punishment

Extinction

Punishment

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Schedules of Reinforcement
Continuous reinforcement Fixed interval Variable interval Fixed ratio Variable ratio

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OB Modification Limitations
Cant reinforce nonobservable behavior Reinforcer tends to wear off Variable ratio schedule is a form of gambling Ethical concerns about perceived manipulation

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Learning through Feedback

Any information about consequences of our behavior Clarifies role perceptions Corrective feedback improves ability Positive feedback motivates future behavior

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Multi-Source (360 Degree) Feedback

Supervisor Customer Project leader

CoCo-worker

Evaluated Employee

CoCo-worker

Subordinate Subordinate

Subordinate

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Giving Feedback Effectively

Specific

Relevant

Effective Feedback

Frequent

Credible

Timely

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Social Learning Theory

Behavioral modeling
Observing and modeling behavior of others

Learning behavior consequences

Observing consequences that others experience

Self-reinforcement
Reinforcing our own behavior with consequences within our control

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Learning at International Forest Products

At International Forest Products Ltd., employees receive hands-on, just-intime learning from coworkers on the job site, not just in the classroom.
Courtesy of International Forest Products Ltd.

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Learning Through Experience

Benefits of experiential learning
Helps acquire tacit knowledge/skills Allows implicit learning

Practicing experiential learning

Reward experimentation Recognize mistakes as part of learning Action learning -- investigating a real problem

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Individual Behavior and Learning

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