RIZAL LAW

HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 1
 OPPOSITIO PRESENTS A NEGATIVE
IMAGE OF THE
N TO THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
ORIGINAL
CONTAINS MESSAGES
RIZAL BILL THAT ARE NOT
BEFITTING TO THE
PRESENT TIME

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 2

 1. PHILIPPINES HAD JUST GAINED ITS
INDEPENDENCE FROM USA ON JULY 4,
POLITICAL 1946

BACKGROUND 2. USA STRONG INFLUENCE ON THE

PHILIPPINES’ POLITICAL AND SOCIAL
LIFE
a. LOCAL POLITICIANS CAMPAIGN
CONFIDENTLY WITH CAUCASIAN
LOOKING MEN TO WIN

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 3

ECONOMIC 3. FREE TRADE WITH USA UNDER BELL
TRADE ACT OF 1947
BACKGROUND a. CRAVING FOR ‘STATESIDE’
b. NEGLECT OF LOCAL PRODUCTS AND
INDUSTRIES

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 4

 4. GRANTING OF PARITY RIGHTS AND
MILITARY BASES
a. IMMUNITY OF THE AMERICANS TO
PHILIPPINE LAWS
b. LOYALTY TO USA IN FIGHTING
MILITARY WORLD COMMUNISM
c. FOUNDING OF SEATO AS A GLOBAL
BACKGROUND NETWORK AGAINST COMMUNISM
IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
d. HUKBONG MAPAGPALAYA NG
BAYAN

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 5

 4. PUBLIC SCHOOL BOOKS GLORIFY
HEROES LIKE GEORGE
WASHINGTON AND ABRAHAM
EDUCATIONAL LINCOLN WHILE THE LIKES OF
ARTEMIO RICARTE AND MACARIO
BACKGROUND SAKAY WERE PORTRAYED AS
TRAITOR AND BANDIT

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 6

 6. THE PHILIPPINES WAS RUINED BY
WORLD WAR 2
a. ECONOMY WAS DEVASTATED AND
RIGHT AFTER INFRASTRUCTURES WERE REDUCE TO
RUBBLE
WORLD WAR 2 b. FIGHTS FOR PERSONAL SURVIVAL

SOCIO- c. RAMPANT CRIME, OPPORTUNISM, AND

CORRUPTION
HISTORICAL 7. DISREGARD TO MUTUAL SUPPORT,
COMRADESHIP, AND SELF SACRIFICE
BACKGROUND 8. TEACHINGS AND IDEALS OF RIZAL
WERE VAGUE AND FADING AWAY

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 7

 9. PREVALENCE OF SUPERTITIONS AND
LITERAL INTERPRETATION OF
RELIGIOUS DOCTRINES AGAINST
RIGHT AFTER LOGIC AND REASON
10. CHURCH CONTROL OVER
WORLD WAR 2 AGRICULTURAL LANDS AND ISSUE OF
SOCIO- ABUSES BY SOME PRIESTS

HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 8

 OPPOSITION
FROM THE
ALLIES OF THE
CATHOLIC
CHURCH

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 9

 ARGUMEN FORCED YOUNG STUDENTS
TO READ RIZAL’S WORKS
TS OF THE WITH RELIGIOUS
INSINUATIONS

CHURCH
VIOLATED CONSTITUTIONAL
FREEDOM OF RELIGION AND
THE FREEDOM OF
CONSCIENCE

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 10

 CATHOLIC ORGANIZATIONS

CONGREGATION OF THE
ACCION CATOLICO KNIGHTS OF COLUMBUS
MISSION

* INTERFERENCE OF THE
FOREIGN PRIESTS AND CHURCH IN POLICY-
CATHOLIC TEACHERS NUNS WHO ATTENDED MAKING POWER OF THE
GUILD THE HEARINGS IN STATE, BLATANT
Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala CONGRESS FOREIGN INTERFERENCE
03/31/2023 11
BUT NEVER ASSAULTED
 SENATOR
FRANCISCO
‘SOC’ RODRIGO
 BULAKEÑO, RELATED
TO MARCELO H. DEL
PILAR AND GREGORIO
DEL PILAR
 PLAYWRIGHT,
LAWYER,
BROADCASTER,
SENATOR, MEMBER OF
THE CONSTITUTIONAL
COMMISSION FOR
FREEDOM
CONSTITUTION
 GRADUATE OF UST, UP,
AND ATENEO
Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 12
  PRESIDENT OF ACCION CATOLICA
 SAID THAT HE WOULD READ RIZAL’S NOLI AND EL FILI BUT HE WOULD NOT
ALLOW HIS TEENAGED SON TO READ THEM FOR IT WILL HARM THE BOY’S FAITH
 ASSERTED THAT FOOTNOTES BE INSERTED IN RIZAL’S SENTENCES TO CORRECT
THE ERRORS

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 13

 CONGRESSMAN MIGUEL CUENCO

 VISAYAN LAWYER, JOURNALIST, LEGISLATOR IN CEBU,

EDUCATOR
 UST, YALE UNIVERSITY , HARVARD UNIVERSITY AND
GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 14

 a. ADMITTED THAT RIZAL IS A SYMBOL OF NATIONAL UNITY AND HIS WRITINGS CONTAIN
PATRIOTISM AND NATIONALISM
b. HE QUESTIONED RIZAL’S VIEWS, OPINIONS, AND THEORIES ATTACKING THE DOGMAS,
BELIEFS AND PRACTICES OF THE CHURCH
c. “GOD CANNOT PARDON A CRIME SIMPLY BECAUSE WE CONFESS IT TO A PRIEST”
d. EARLY CHRISTIANS BELIEVED THERE WAS NO PURGATORY AND ITS EXISTENCE WAS
PROCLAIMED IN THE CHURCH COUNCIL OF FLORENCE IN 1439
e. IDEAS CAME FROM ZOROASTRIANISM (WORLD’S OLDEST RELIGION THAT FOLLOWS MULTI-
TENDENCY FAITH THAT FOLLOWS DUALISTIC IMPLICATION OF GOOD AND EVIL IN HUMAN
LIFE)

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 15

 f. IDEA OF HELL AGAINST THE CONCEPTS OF DIVINE JUSTICE AND THE DIVINE PURITY OF
GOODNESS
g. MANY OF PASSAGES WERE AGAINST THE SACRAMENTS OF BAPTISM, CONFESSION,
COMMUNION, HOLY MASS, THE DOCTRINE OF INDULGENCES, PRAYERS, SERMONS,
SACRAMENTAL AND BOOK OF PIETY
h. RIDICULE DEVOTION TO VIRGIN MARY, THE SAINTS, THE USE OF SCAPULARS, SAYING OF
THE ROSARY, NOVENAS, EJACULATION OR ASPIRATION AND ABSOLUTION PRAYERS

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 16

  DENOUNCED THAT THE BOARD OF NATIONAL EDUCATION IS GIVEN VERY WIDE POWER
AND ITS ACTIONS CANNOT BE REVIEWED BY A HIGHER BODY
 RAISED THE ISSUE OF STATE AUTHORITY AGAINST INDIVIDUAL CONSTITUTIONAL
LIBERTIES THAT WILL UNDERMINE AND “DESTROY OUR NATIONAL AUTHORITY”.

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 17

VARIOUS  FR. JESUS CAVANNA, CM

OPPOSIONIST  JESUS PAREDES

 OTHER SPEAKERS, PRIESTS AND NUNS
S

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 18

 FR. JESUS CAVANNA,CM

 FROM THE ORDER OF THE CONGREGATION OF THE MISSIONS (VINCENTIANS)

 AUTHOR OF "RIZAL'S UNFADING GLORY" IN 1956, A DOCUMENTARY OF JOSE RIZAL'S
CONVERSION TO CATHOLICISM.
 DEFENDED RIZAL'S FAITH IN THE PHILIPPINE SENATE WHICH HAS SILENCED ALL
DOUBTS ABOUT RIZAL BEING A CATHOLIC.
 THE NOVELS PAINTED A FALSE PICTURE OF THE CONDITIONS OF THE COUNTRY IN
THE 19TH CENTURY
 POINTED OUT THERE ARE 120 ANTI-CATHOLIC STATEMENTS COMPARED TO 25
NATIONALISTIC STATEMENTS

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 19

 JESUS PAREDES

 THE NOVELS CONTAIN OBJECTIONABLE MATERIAL AND THE FILIPINOS HAVE

THE RIGHT NOT TO READ THEM IN ORDER NOT TO ENDANGER THEIR FAITH

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 20

 OTHER VIEWS

 IT WAS GIVEN A POLITICAL COLOR WHEN ONE CLAIMED IT WAS TO PUNISH

CATHOLIC VOTERS SINCE C.M. RECTO LOST IN HIS PRESIDENTIAL BID
AGAINST RAMON MAGSAYSAY
 SENATOR CLARO M. RECTO, WAS ACCUSED OF BEING AN ANTI-AMERICAN
LEFTISTAND FELLOW TRAVELER ( COMMUNIST SYMPATHIZER) WHO
ADVOCATED THE REMOVAL OF US BASES AND THE ABANDONMENT OF THE
SPECIAL RELATIONS WITH THE USA

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 21

 ARCHBISHOP OF MANILA, RUFINO SANTOS

 PASTORAL LETTER CAME OUT WARNING ABOUT THE DISTANCING OF THE YOUTH
FROM THE CHURCH IF THE BILL WAS APPROVED.
 PRIESTS AND BISHOPS PREACHED AGAINST THE BILL IN MASSES AND RADIO
 PRIESTS ENCOURAGED THEIR PARISHIONERS TO WRITE THEIR CONGRESSMEN AND
SENATORS TO OPPOSE THE BILL. THE THREAT OF LOSS OF SUPPORT WERE MADE TO
PERSUADE THE LAWMAKERS.
 BISHOPS THREATENED TO CLOSE DOWN ALL CATHOLIC SCHOOLS, COLLEGES, AND
UNIVERSITIES IF THE BILL WILL BE APPROVED

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 22

 DEFENDERS
OF RIZAL
LAW

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 23

 VETERANOS DELA REVOLUCCION
FILIPINA
SUPPORTER
ORGANIZATION ALAGAD NI RIZAL
S
KNIGHTS OF THE GRAND ORDER
OF RIZAL

FREEMASONS

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 24

 CLARO M. RECTO, CHAMPION
OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

 RE-ELECTED PRESIDENT TO DRAFT THE PHILIPPINE

CONSTITUTION AND PERSONALLY PRESENTED THE
COMMONWEALTH CONSTITUTION TO PRESIDENT
ROOSEVELT FOR HIS APPROVAL AND SIGNATURE. 
 ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT,1935-
1936.
 GARNERED IN 1941 THE HIGHEST NUMBER OF VOTES
AMONG THE 24 ELECTED SENATORS.
 APPOINTED COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION,
HEALTH AND PUBLIC WELFARE (1942-43) MINISTER
OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS (1943-44) IN THE
LAUREL WAR CABINET.
Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 25
 CHARGED WITH TREASON FOR
COLLABORATION WITH THE JAPANESE. HE
PLEADED NOT GUILTY AND PROVED THAT HE
HAD CONNECTIONS WITH THE
UNDERGROUND MOVEMENT. IN THE COURSE
OF THE PREPARATION OF HIS DEFENSE, HE
PUBLISHED TWO BOOKS, THREE YEARS OF
ENEMY OCCUPATION AND THE LAW OF
BELLIGERENT OCCUPATION. HE DID NOT TAKE
ADVANTAGE OF THE AMNESTY ISSUED BY
PRES. MANUEL ROXAS TO COLLABORATORS
AND INSTEAD WORKED FOR AND GOT AN
ACQUITTAL FROM THE PEOPLE’ COURT. 
Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 26
 ELECTED SENATOR AND IN 1955, RAN AS
LIBERAL PARTY “GUEST CANDIDATE” FOR
SENATOR AND WON THE SIXTH SLOT.
 BID FOR PRESIDENCY IN 1957 BUT LOST TO
RAMON MAGSAYSAY.
 ON AUGUST 24, 1960, APPOINTED CULTURAL
ENVOY WITH THE RANK OF AN AMBASSADOR
EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTER
PLENIPOTENTIARY ON A CULTURAL MISSION TO
EUROPE AND LATIN AMERICA. BUT WHILE ON
THIS MISSION HE SUFFERED A FATAL HEART
ATTACK IN ROME, ITALY ON OCTOBER 2, 1960. HE
DIED AT SAN CAMILLO DE LELLIS HOSPITAL, HIS
WIFE BY HIS SIDE TO WHOM HE UTTERED HIS
LAST WORDS: “IT IS TERRIBLE TO DIE IN A
FOREIGN COUNTRY”. PARADOXICALLY, RECTO
DIED IN A FOREIGN LAND AND HE’S GREAT LOVE
FOR HIS MOTHERLAND REMAINED IN HIS HEART
UP TO HIS LAST BREATH.
Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 27
 “SO LONG AS OUR ECONOMIC POLICIES REMAIN DEPENDENT PRIMARILY ON FOREIGN “AID” AND
INVESTMENTS, AND OUR POLICY-MAKERS REMAIN HABITUAL YES-MEN OF FOREIGN ADVISORS,
THIS “AID,” INVESTMENT AND ADVICE, WILL BE DIRECTED TOWARD THE RETENTION OF THE
ECONOMIC STATUS QUO.”
– Claro M. Recto (1890-1960)
 ADVOCATE OF NATIONALIST CHANGE INSTEAD OF SUBSERVIENCE TO NEOCOLONIAL AMERICANS
 TO SENATOR SOC RODRIGO - REMAINED UNCOMPROMISING AND REMINDED THE SENATOR OF THE
LONG HISTORY OF CHURCH DOMINATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
 TO BISHOPS – HE DARED THEM ON THEIR THREATS SEEING IT AS AN EMPTY CHALLENGE FOR THE
SCHOOLS ARE
Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita MAJOR SOURCE OF INCOME AND IF THEY MADE GOOD OF THEIR THREAT,
Samala 03/31/2023 28
RECTO
PROPOSED STATE TAKE OVER WITH A NATIONALIST AGENDA
 ARSENIO H. LACSON,
MAYOR OF MANILA

 WHILE ATTENDING MASS, HE WALKED OUT

WHEN THE PRIEST BEGAN READING A CIRCULAR
FROM ARCHBISHOP RUFINO SANTOS
DENOUNCING THE RIZAL BILL

Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 29

FR. HORACIO DELA COSTA, SJ

 JESUIT SCHOLAR AND HISTORIAN

 ADMITTED THAT ABUSES DID HAPPEN IN THE
CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THERE WERE
HISTORICAL MISTAKES COMMITTED BY THE
CHURCH
 RIZAL ONLY EXPOSED ABUSES WITHIN THE
CHURCH
 POINTED OUT THE ABUSES OF AN INDIVIDUAL
CLERGY IS NOT REFLECTIVE OF THE ENTIRE
CHURCH
 HIS PAPER WAS SUPPRESSED AND HE HAD TO
OBEY HIS SUPERIOR
Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 30
 AFTER A STANDOFF

 SUBSTITUTE BILL WAS FILED, REPUBLIC ACT 1425

 AUTHORED BY SENATOR JOSE P. LAUREL AND
INCORPORATED THE PROPOSALS OF SENATORS ROSSELLER
LIM AND EMMANUEL PELAEZ
 COMPROMISE BILL ALLOWING THE STUDENT TO SEEK
EXEMPTION FROM READING RIZAL’S WORKS BUT NOT THE
TAKING OF THE COURSE
 PROVISION OF FUNDS FOR THE PUBLICATION AND
DISTRIBUTION OF RIZAL’S WORKS
 IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS WERE
PREPARED BY THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE ONLY
IN 2001, REPUBLIC ACT 1425.
Prepared by Asst. Prof. Emelita Samala 03/31/2023 31