PRESENTING 1ST EVALUATION OF INDIAN LEGAL

HISTORY
PRESENTED BY :-
PRATHMESH MANDALE
ASTITVA SURYAVANSHI
ANKIT ANAND
TOPIC :-
Judicial Reforms 1794, 1795 & 1796
 INTRODUCTION

Judicial reforms is the complete or partial political

reforms of country’s judiciary. Judicial reforms is
often done is the part of wider reforms of the
county’s political system or a legal system. Area of
judicial reforms often include: codification of law
instead of common law, moving from an
inquisitorial system to an adversarial system,
establishing stronger judicial councils or changes to
appointment procedure establishing mandatory
retirement age for judges or enhancing
Under the judicial plan 1793, The Register Court was empowered to decide suits up to
RS.200/- but the decrees passed them had been countersigned by the judges of the
Diwani Adalat.
The process mentioned above was time consuming therefore John Shore changes this
procedure and empowered the Registrar to try & decide cases without any reference to,
or countersignature of the Judge of Diwani Adalat.
The decision of the registrar court in all civil matters suits not exceeding RS.25/- in
value was final.
However, if the judgement delivered by the Registrar court appeared to be the
apparently erroneous or unjust and not to Mofussil Diwani Adalat as mentioned in lord
Cornwallis plan.
The changed was in the plan resulted in reducing the workload of Mofussil Diwani
 By the regulation of 1794, Sir John Shore allowed
partial judicial powers to the collectors.
The Collector’s report was not binding on the Judges
and they had full authority to confirm, set-aside or
altern the report. This provision saved considerable
time of the Diwani Adalat and enable Collectors to
collect land revenue without any difficulty
 JUDICIAL REFORM 1795
» In 1794 only minor modifications were made by Sir John Shore to deal with
the large number of cases which where in arrears.
» In spite of these reforms, there was no Regulation XXXVI reforms were
introduced with a view to readjust the mutual relationship of civil courts.
» By the reforms of 1794 the Diwani Adalat were given some relief and the work
was shifted to the court of appeal to deal with pretty cases up to RS 200.
» It increased the judicial work of the courts of appeal.
» As the were only four courts of appeal, the litigant parties faced great
inconvenience in coming to the court from very long distance.
» Regulation XXXVI of 1795 provided that in pretty cases appeals
from the Registrars were to go to the District Diwani Adalat whose
decision was final with no further appeal.
» The decisions of Munsif’s were now subject to the one appeal only
to the District Diwani Adalat's.
» Munsifs decided cases up to RS 50.
» This reforms reduced this number of appeals in pretty civil cases up
to RS 50.
» The Registrars were empowered to decide civil suits up to the
valuation of RS 200.
» From their decision an appeal lay to the District Diwani Adalat
which was the final appellate authority in such pretty cases.
» The District Diwani Adalat's were authorized to
hear all civil cases in which valuation were more
than RS 200.
» An appeal in these cases was allowed to the
Provincial Courts of Appeal.
» Where the valuation was more than one rupee, a
further appeal was allowed to the Saddar Diwani
Adalat’s .
 JUDICIAL REFORMS 1796
In 1796, India was under British colonial rule, and
there were several judicial reforms implemented by
the British East India Company.
Here are some examples of judicial reforms that
occurred in India during this time :-
Establishment of Sadar Diwani Adalat . In 1793, the
British East India Company established the Sadar
Diwani Adalat, which was a high court that heard
appeals from the lower courts in civil cases. This
court was later reorganized and renamed as the High
Introduction of English Law:- The British East
India Company introduced English law to India
and made it the basis of the Indian legal system.
They also established English-style courts, such as
the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William,
which was set up in Calcutta in 1774.
Abolition of Personal Laws: The British East India
Company abolished the personal laws of different
communities and introduced uniform laws for all
citizens. This led to the codification of Hindu and
Muslim laws, which were previously based on
Appointment of Judges: The British East India Company
introduced a system of appointing judges based on merit
rather than their social status or connections. This helped to
ensure the independence and impartiality of the judiciary .
These judicial reforms had a significant impact on the
Indian legal system and helped to modernize it. However,
they also had some negative consequences, such as the
imposition of English law on a society with different
cultural norms and the loss of traditional legal systems.
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