MODULE 4

22ICO17
DEPARTMENT OF HUMANITIES
SUBMITTED TO:
- Prof. Sumaiya Banu
SUBMITTED BY:
-Adeeba Hadis
-I Geo Selciya
-Aadarsh Pradhan
- AMAL MUHAMMED T.A
BRANCH:
-CSE
SECTION:
-F
 INTRODUCTION
 THE PARLIAMENT OF INDIA
 PARLIAMENT COMPOSITIONS
 PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES
 IMPORTANT TERMS OF PARLIAMENT
 JUDICIARY SYSTEM OF INDIA
 JUDICIAL REVIEW
 JUDICIAL ACTIVISM
 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION
Knowing about the people who represents us should play an important role in our
life’s. Hence the respective representative who stand for us, we should have a
knowledge about the things they are obliged to do. That is the country has specific
committees assigned for specific tasks. Thence, we should have an overview
regarding the committees made for our well bring. While its also important to know
about the Judiciary which judges the people of the country. As “Judiciary system” is
the most powerful in India. The country also has specified the work of judiciary
activism for this purpose. It is an effective tool for upholding citizens' rights and
implementing constitutional principles when the executive and legislature fails to do
so. Citizens have the judiciary as the last hope for protecting their rights when all
other doors are closed.
 THE PARLIAMENT OF
INDIA
The Parliament of India (Bhāratīya Sansad)
is the supreme legislative body of the 
Republic of India.
It is a bicameral legislature composed of the 
president of India and two houses: the 
Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the 
Lok Sabha (House of the People).
The Parliament has a sanctioned strength of
543 in the Lok Sabha and 245 in the Rajya
Sabha including 12 nominees from the
expertise of different fields of literature, art,
science, and social service. The Parliament
meets at Sansad Bhavan in New Delhi.
 PARLIAMENT HOUSE
 The Parliament House (Sansad Bhavan) is located in 
New Delhi. It was designed by Edwin Lutyens and 
Herbert Baker, who were made responsible for the
planning and construction of New Delhi by the British
government,
 the opening ceremony was performed on 18 January 1927
by the viceroy and governor-general of India, Lord Irwin.
 The construction cost for the building was ₹8.3
million (US$100,000).
 The building is 21 metres (70 ft) tall, 170 metres (560 ft) in
diameter and covers an area of 2.29 hectares (5.66
acres). The Central Hall consists of the chambers of the
Lok Sabha, the Rajya Sabha, and the Library hall.
Surrounding these three chambers is the four-storeyed
circular structure providing accommodations for members
and houses parliamentary committees, offices and the 
Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
GENERAL LAYOUT OF PARLIAMENT
GENERAL LAYOUT OF
PARLIAMENT
 New premises

 A new parliament building is under

construction and is intended to replace
the existing complex.
 The present building, an 85-year-old
structure suffers from inadequacy of
space to house members and their staff
and is thought to suffer from structural
issues. The building also needs to be
protected because of its heritage tag.
 Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the
foundation and performed the ground-
breaking ceremony for the new
Parliament building on 10 December
2020.
Session of Parliament

 Budget session: January/February

to May
 Monsoon session: July to
August/September
 Winter session: November to
December
 Composition
The Indian Parliament consists of two houses, namely, the 
Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha, with the president of India
 acting as their head.
President of India
 The president of India, the head of state,
is a component of Parliament.
 Under Article 60 and Article 111 of the
constitution, the president's
responsibility is to ensure that laws
passed by the Parliament are in
accordance with the constitutional
mandate and that the stipulated
procedure is followed before indicating
approval to the bills.
 The president of India is elected by the 
elected members of the Parliament of In
dia
 and the state legislatures and serves for
a term of five years
 Lok Sabha
 The Lok Sabha (House of the People) or the lower house has
543 members. Members are directly elected by citizens of
India on the basis of universal adult franchise.
 Between 1952 and 2020, two additional members of the 
Anglo-Indian community were also nominated by the president
of India on the advice of the Indian government, which was
abolished in January 2020 by the 104th Constitutional
Amendment Act, 2019. Thus, the total seats of Lok Sabha is
550 now.
 Every citizen of India who is over 18 years of age, irrespective
of gender, caste, religion, or race and is otherwise not
disqualified, is eligible to vote for members of the Lok Sabha.
 The constitution provides that the maximum strength of the
House be 552 members. It has a term of five years.
 To be eligible for membership in the Lok Sabha, a person
must be a citizen of India and must be 25 years of age or
older, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt, and should not
be criminally convicted.
Rajya Sabha  The Rajya Sabha (Council of States) or the 
upper house is a permanent body not subject to
dissolution.
 One-third of the members retire every second year
and are replaced by newly elected members. Each
member is elected for a term of six years. Its
members are indirectly elected by members of
legislative bodies of the states.
 The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250
members. It currently has a sanctioned strength of
245 members, of which 233 are elected from 
states, and union territories and 12 are nominated
 by the president. The number of members from a
state depends on its population.
 The minimum age for a person to become a 
member of the Rajya Sabha is 30 years.
Incidents
 Main article: 2001 Indian Parliament attack
 On 13 December 2001, Indian Parliament was
attacked by an Islamic terrorist group.
 The perpetrators were Lashkar-e-Taiba (Let) and 
Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) terrorists.
 The attack led to the deaths of five terrorists, six 
Delhi Police personnel, two 
Parliament Security Services personnel, and a
gardener, which totalled 14 fatalities.
 The incident led to increased tensions between 
India and Pakistan, resulting in the 
India–Pakistan standoff.
Parliamentary committees
 Parliamentary committees are formed to deliberate
specific matters at length. The public is directly or
indirectly associated and studies are conducted to
help committees arrive at the conclusions.
 Parliament's functions are diverse, complex, and
extensive. Furthermore, it lacks the time and expertise
to conduct a thorough examination of all legislative
actions and other matters. As a result, a number of
committees assist it in fulfilling its responsibilities. 
 Parliamentary committees are an instrument
for Parliament's efficient operation. The
Indian constitution mentions the committees in many
places but provides no specific provisions about their
composition, tenure, or functions. 
Parliamentary Committees - Method of Appointment

 A parliamentary committee is
appointed or elected by the
house or nominated by the
Speaker or Chairman.
 It works under the direction of
the speaker or chairman.
 Presents its report to the house
or to the speaker or chairman.
 Types of Parliamentary committees

Parliamentary committees are broadly two types -

 Standing committees  Ad hoc committees
 The Standing committees are permanent,  The Ad hoc committees are
constituted every year or periodically, and work on temporary and cease to exist on
a continuous basis.
completion of the task assigned to them.
 These committees can be divided into six categories

1. Financial committee
 These committees can be divided into two
2. Departmental Standing Committees categories.
3. Committees to inquire

4. Committee to scrutinize and control

1. Inquiry committees
5. Committees relating to the day-to-day business of the
house 2. Advisory committees
6. Housekeeping committee
 1. Financial committee
 Financial Committees are divided into three types:
 : It examines the government's yearly reports and the Comptroller and
Auditor General's reports, which are brought before parliament by the
President. It consists of 22 members.

 Estimates Committee: It evaluates the government's planned expenditure

estimates in the budget and offers "economies" in government spending.
All the 30 members are from Lok Sabha only.

 Committee on Public Undertakings: It evaluates public undertakings'

reports and accounts. It consists of 22 members.

Rupee Falls By 12 Paise To Close

At 82.82 Against US Dollar
 2. Departmental Standing Committees
 There are a total of 24 Departmental Standing Committees:-
 8 under Rajya Sabha
 16 under Lok Sabha.

 Functions
 They work on grant requests from the relevant ministries. They don't represent
any kind of cut-motion.

 They examine the bills for the ministry in question.

 They work on the ministries' yearly reports. They also take into account

policy documents given by ministries to both houses.

 They make recommendations that are advisory in nature and hence are not

The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order binding on Parliament.
(Second Amendment) Bill, 2022
The Bill includes the Narikoravan and
Kurivikkaran communities in the list of
Scheduled Tribes in Tamil Nadu. 
Committees under Rajya Sabha
1. Committee on commerce

2. Committee on home affairs

3. Committee on human resource development

4. Committee on industry

5. Committee on science and technology,

environment and forest

6. Committee on transport, tourism and culture

7. Committee on health and family welfare

8. Committee on personal, public grievance, law and

justice
 1. Committee on commerce

Committees under Lok Sabha 2. Committee on home affairs

3. Committee on human resource development

4. Committee on industry

5. Committee on science and technology, environment and forest

6. Committee on transport, tourism and culture

7. Committee on health and family welfare

8. Committee on personal, public grievance, law and justice

9. Committee on petroleum and natural gas

10. Committee on railways

11. Committee on urban development

12. Committee on water resources

13. Committee on chemical and fertilizers

14. Committee on rural development

15. Committee on coal and steel

 3. Committees to inquire
 There are three different types:
 Committee on Petitions - This committee reviews any
legislative petitions or matters of general public
significance.

 Committee on Privileges — If a member of the house

violates the code of conduct, this committee investigates
and recommends appropriate action. It has a semi-judicial
nature to it.

 Ethics Committee - If a member of the house commits a

violation or displays indiscipline, this committee
investigates it and takes appropriate action. It
was constituted in the Rajya Sabha in 1997 and in Lok
Commissioner warns Team Anna about the Sabha in 2000.
election code of conduct and says they are
being watched during the assembly
elections!
4. Committee to scrutinize and control
 There are six different types of these committees, as listed below:
1. Committee on Government Assurance - When a minister makes a
promise, assures or takes an undertaking in the Lok Sabha, this
committee investigates the extent to which those promises,
assurances, and undertakings were carried out

2. The Committee on Subordinate Legislation - It examines whether

the executive branch is properly exercising its rights to make
regulations, rules, sub-rules, and bye-laws that have been delegated
by Parliament or bestowed by the Constitution.

3. Committee on Papers laid on the Table - When ministers place any

paper on the table, this committee examines it for credibility and to
see if it complies with the constitution's provisions.
4. Committee to scrutinize and control
5. Committee on Welfare of SCs and STs - It has 30
members. The Lok Sabha has 20 members, whereas
the Rajya Sabha has 10. This committee considers the
reports of the National Commission for SCs and the National
Commission for STs.

6. Committee on Women's Empowerment - This committee

considers the report of the National Commission on Women to
secure status, dignity and equality for women in all fields

7. The Joint Committee on office of profit - It examines the

composition and character of committees and other bodies
appointed by the federal, state, and union territory
governments, and makes recommendations on whether or not
a person who holds these positions should be excluded from
being elected to Parliament.
 5. Committees relating to the day-to-day business of the house
 The following are the four sorts of committees:
1. Business Advisory Committee - The committee regulates the program and
time table of the house. The Lok Sabha committee consists of 15
members including the speaker as its chairman. In the Rajya Sabha, it has 11
members including the chairman as its ex officio chairman.

2. Committee on Private Members' Bills and Resolutions - The

committee classifies legislation and assigns time for debate on private member
bills and resolutions. This is a special committee of the Lok Sabha and consists
of 15 members including a deputy speaker as its chairman. The Rajya Sabha
does not have any such committee.

3. Rules Committee - If the house's rules need to be amended, this committee

offers recommendations. The Lok Sabha consists of 15 members including the
speaker as its ex officio chairman. It consists of 16 members including the
chairman as its ex officio chairman.
Congress demands
4. Committee on absence of members - This committee considers all leave
immediate restoration of requests submitted by members of the houses. It is a special committee of the Lok
statehood to J&K Sabha consisting of 15 members. There is no such committee in the Rajya Sabha.
6. Housekeeping committee

The following are five different sorts of committees:

 General Purposes Committee -  This committee deals with issues that do not fall under the
purview of other legislative committees.

 House committee - This committee oversees the services provided to members of the
houses in the form of housing, food, and medical assistance, among other things. In the Lok
Sabha, it consists of 12 members.

 Library committee - This committee considers all the matters relating to the library of the
parliament. Assists the members in utilizing the library services. It consists of 9 members - 6
from Lok Sabha 3 from Rajya Sabha.

 Joint committees- They assist on salaries and allowance of members - this committee was
constituted under the salary allowance and pension of members act 1954. It consists of 15
members,10 from Lok Sabha 5 from Rajya Sabha.

 Consultative committees- These are attached to various ministries or departments of the

government. These committees provide a forum for informal discussion between the
ministers and the members on policies and programs of government and the implementation
process. These committees are constituted by the Ministry of Parliamentary affairs. The
maximum membership of the committee is 30 and the minimum is 10.
 Ad hoc committees
 These committees can be divided into two categories, they are
temporary in nature.
1. Inquiry committees-

o These are constituted from time to time, either by two

houses moving on a motion or by the speaker or chairman to
inquire about a report on a specific subject.

2. Advisory committees-

o These committees are select or joint committees on bills,

which are appointed to consider and report on particular bills.

o They provide information about particular bills.

 Important Terms of Parliament

2.Interim
1.Shadow Cabinet Government

5.Coalition Government
3.Care Taker Government 4.Lame Duck
 Important Terms of Parliament

7. Plenary Power
8. Whip
6.Hung Parliament

10. Quorum in Parliament

9. Dead Lock 11. Oath
 Important Terms of Parliament

14. Expunction

12. Act 13. Calling Attention

15.Maiden Speech 16. Unstarred Question 17. Question Hour

Unparliamentary words and expressions
 The banned words included
o Some of the English words that were banned included;
'bloody’, ‘abused', 'childishness', 'criminal' and 'crocodile
tears', 'disgrace', 'drama', 'eyewash', 'incompetent',
'mislead', 'lie' and 'untrue'.
o Some of the unparliamentary Hindi words listed in the
booklet included ; 'gaddar', 'girgit', 'apmaan', 'ahankaar',
'kala bazaari',, 'daadagiri’.
o The booklet also banned some expressions as
unparliamentary expressions, such as 'khoon se kheti',
'dohra charitra', 'nikamma', 'nautanki', 'dhindora peetna' and
'behri sarkar’.
JUDICIARY SYSTEM OF INDIA
Judicial System or the court system is also the Judiciary System. The
court has the power to make decisions and also enforce the law, solve
disputes. Judiciary system consists of Judges and other magistrates,
they form the bench or the core of the judiciary system.

On 26 January 1950, the Indian Constitution was written and it is

worlds largest constitution written. The constitution is the source of law
 in India and also the supreme law of India. Judicial System of India
consists of Supreme Court, High Court, District Court or
Subordinate Court.
 Supreme Court of India
 Under the constitution of India, the supreme court is the final court
of appeal. Hence has the chief justice of India, including 30 judges
and other judges for advisory jurisdiction. Unsolved or still in
dispute cases are levelled up to Supreme court to reattain justice. If
the supreme court declares a law it is binding on all other courts of
all States and Union territory. Every court building has 15
courtrooms. the Eligibility to become a Chief justice is:

 The judge in one High court or more, for at least 5 years or

advocate in high court for at least 10 years.

 A distinguished judge in the opinion of the President of India.

SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

 High Court of India

 Under the constitution of India, every state should regard to one

high court. Mumbai high court id the oldest high court in India.
Every High court has 94 judges out of which 71 are permanent
and 23 are additional judges. High court deals with economic
issues and legal documentation. These courts also have an
additional set of legal professionals. Eligibility for a high court
judge is

 He should be a citizen of India.

 An advocate should have at least 10 years of practice in any

court.
HIGH COURT OF
KARNATAKA
District Court of India
 Under the constitution of India, district courts or Subordinate
Courts are subordinate to the high court. District courts are
established according to the population distribution of the district
and state. It looks after the Civil and criminal matters of the
district. A law declared by the district court is applicable to all
subordinate courts. Since District court is at a higher hierarchical
level. Eligibility for judge in district court is

 He should be a citizen of India

 An advocate should have at least practice for 7 years.

 Godhra train burning case: Gujarat govt seeks
death penalty for 11 in Supreme Court.

Karnataka High Court Dismisses Petitions

Seeking Increase In Age Of Superannuation
For Teaching Staff Of Affiliated Colleges.

Karnataka court sentences 25-year-old to life

imprisonment for raping minor he met on
Instagram.
 Judicial Reviews
 Judicial review in India is a process by which the Supreme Court and
the High Courts of India review executive or legislative actions. They
may invalidate amendments, laws, acts and governmental actions that
are incompatible with the terms of the Constitution of India. Frequently,
this power is used to the protect and enforce the fundamental rights
 guaranteed in the Constitution. To a lesser extent, judicial review is
used in matters concerning legislative competence with regard to the
center-state relations.
 Importance of Judicial Review in India
• To uphold the principles of the supremacy of the Constitution.
• Maintain the balance between center and state.
• To protect fundamental Rights.
 Ex:
In Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, the court overruled the Golak Nath
case and held that Parliament cannot amend the basic structure of the Constitution
using its power under Article 368.
Judicial Activism.
 Judicial activism is an approach to the power of judicial review,
where the judge is concerned with the constitutional issues in a
particular case. It is the judicial decision-making through which
judges attach their personal opinions on public policy, among
other aspects, to direct their decisions
 There are various methods of judicial activism that are followed in India.
They are:
1. Judicial review
2. PIL  
3. Constitutional interpretation
4. Access of international statute for ensuring constitutional rights
5. Supervisory power of the higher courts on the lower courts
Ex: The Supreme Court rolled out a blanket ban on firecrackers in the Delhi
– NCR area with certain exceptions in 2018
 CONCLUSION
The Parliament is supreme in making laws and amending the Constitution, the executive is supreme
in implementing them while the judiciary is supreme in settling disputes and deciding whether the
laws that have been made are in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. Hence, a vibrant
and independent judiciary is essential for any democracy to thrive. The Parliamentary committees
are established to study and deal with various matters that cannot be directly handled by the
legislature due to their volume. They also monitor the functioning of the executive branch. The
Judiciary in India ensures that there is a rule of law and that the rights of the citizens are not
violated. The Judicial review is necessary to maintain the superiority of the Constitution, which also
ensures the prevention of abuse of power by the government and its departments. Judicial Activism
means the rulings of the court based on political and personal rational and prudence of the Judges
presiding over the issue. It is a legal term referring to court rulings based, in part or in full, on the
political or personal factors of the Judge, rather than current or existing legislation.