The Turning Point: 9/11

and The War on Terror

Foreign Policy
Jannah and Laila
What we 'l l di sc us s
u m m a r y
e r ie s S
• S to k n o w
T h i ng s
• 1 ?
• 9 / 1
n t e r r o r
h e w a r o
• T u ss io n
• D is c
 Summary:
 Netflix Series
 Turning Point:9/11 and the War on Terror
 9/11 attacks
 History of Afghanistan
 US relations with other nations
 20 years of war
Important things to know
• Afghanistan
• Taliban and Osama bin Laden
• Foreign policy
• US Presidents
• History:
 Cold War
 Afghanistan
Things to know
Where is Afghanistan?
 Things to know
Who are the Taliban? Who is Osama bin Laden?
Terrorist organization that are mainly
associated with Afghanistan Violent terrorist and mass murderer
After the 1979 soviet invasion of Afghanistan Born in 1957 in Saudi Arabia
Origin of Taliban: training in religious schools
Founder of the Al Qaeda
in Pakistan and being taught radical forms of
Islam organization
Control over most of Afghanistan Organizer of the 9/11 attacks
Very strict set of rules and imposed very strict Was on the Most Wanted Terrorist
laws on women List
2021: Taliban had been on their most deadly  Killed on May 2nd under
and successful offensive since 2001 orders from Obama
 Foreign policy:
Policy: a law, guideline, principle or strategy used to solve a
problem
The strategy that the government uses in dealing with other
countries
Main goals:
1. The protection of its citizens when they’re home and abroad
2. The protection of the country’s allies
3. Protects the country from international threats and dangers
4 Presidents, 20 years War
Cold War and Afghanistan
Ongoing political rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union
Both superpowers dominated world affairs
U.S. became the world’s sole superpower after the dissolution of the Soviet Un
 History of Afghanistan
1953:modernize Afghanistan
 King Mohammed Zahir Shah
 Lacks expertise
 Recruitment of economic and political expertise
 International aid: Soviet Union and USA
 Soviets training Afghani military
 Spread of communist ideology
 Resign of prime minister
 1973: modernization & liberalization
 Force exile of king
History
 of Afghanistan
1978: Nur Mohammed Zaki President
 Kamal Amin prime minister
 Rise of the Mujahedeen
 1979 Amin taking power
 Soviets invaded 1979
 America support through Pakistan
 History of Afghanistan
 1992: Mujahideen and other rebel groups storm the capital Kabul and oust Najibullah
 1995: - Newly formed Islamic militia - The Taliban -Afghans suffer from famine and war
 1997: Taliban publicly executes Najibullah
 1998: President Clinton orders cruise missile attacks against Bin Laden’s training camps in
Afghanistan
 2000: U.S searches for Osama bin Laden as he’s officially considered an international terrorist
 March 2001: International protests against Taliban
 September 11th 2001: - 9/11 Attacks - Osama bin Laden is the prime suspect in the attack
9/11
 9/11
September 11th, 2001 FLIGHT 11 and 175
 American Airlines Flight 11 got hijacked, crashed into the north tower of
the World Trade Center in NYC
 Impact: burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper
 Instantly killed hundreds of people and trapped hundreds in higher
floors
 18 minutes later United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the south tower
near the 60th floor
 9/11 FLIGHT 77 and 93
 American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown D.C and crashed into the west
side of the Pentagon military headquarters
 Impact: caused around 200 deaths
 United Airlines Flight 93 flipped over after the passengers tried to fight off the
hijackers and crashed in a field near Shanksville in western Pennsylvania

9/11 Who were the hijackers?
Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations
 Reportedly financed by Al Qaeda ( Osama bin Laden )
 How many people died at the 9/11 Attacks?
 Economic impact of 9/11:
 Immediate negative effects on the U.S. economy
 The market fell 7.1%
 Loss of 143.000 Jobs and 2.8 billion dollar wages in the first 3 months
 World Trade Center damage: 60 billion dollars
WAR ON TERROR
 BUSH
 Declare War on Terror after attacks
 “either you are with us or against us”
 Suspect Osama bin Laden
 Taliban protecting bin Laden
 Northern Alliance
 Chasing out Taliban
 Reconstruction of Afghanistan
 2002: Iran, Iraq, North Korea “axis of
evil”
 2002 Invasion of Iraq
 Weapons of mass destruction
 Saddam Hussein helping bin Laden
 Troops attacked
 2006:
Iraq had become a haven for Islamist
terrorists, which it hadn’t been before the
Invasion

There were no weapons of mass

destruction Iraq was a mistake

Bin Laden not found

 USA Patriot Act 2001
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing

Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct

Terrorism
Ability to wiretap and spy on Americans
5000 arrested
Guantanamo bay Cuba
Foreign Policy OBAMA
 Obama administration was from 2009- 2017
 Relied on: Hillary Clinton, John Kerry and Vice
President Joe Biden
 Inherited wars that began during the Bush
administration
 Increased the U.S military presence in
Afghanistan during his first term
 Guided the draw down of U.S soldiers in
Afghanistan
 Ran a mission that led to the death of Osama bin
Laden
 Targeted the alleged Al Qaeda leaders using drone
strikes in Pakistan
 TRUMP
 2017 expand American presence in Afghanistan
 Play into the hands of terrorists
 Risk the safety of US
 Deployed 3000 US troops
 February 2020 signed Doha agreement with
Taliban
 Withdrawal of troops in 14 months
 “it is time to bring US soldiers back home”
 release 5000 Taliban members
 Without government of Afghanistan
Foreign Policy BIDEN
 Joe Biden’s administration started in 2021
 Guided the complete U.S. troop withdrawal by
9/11
 Called the Taliban takeover as “not inevitable”
 Discussion
What went wrong during Afghan War?

Why is it important to have foreign relations?

Why did Pakistan support Afghanistan ?

Thank You
for listening!
Sources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0sNQdOW1CI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQvd2uhpZRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCvCS3BHgAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KK_7GYYWreQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVykQCF0A_4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlsnnhn3VWE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yL3E1hUp_kg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WA8-KEnfWbQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1F25yt0ItM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WN4QKfVfUaM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DMhb1FWHso
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsdkfflPTyc
https://millercenter.org/president/gwbush/foreign-affairs
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/asia-jan-june11-timeline-afghanistan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hoe43sI758
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2sueJoTVqxw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y19HJT-OHGk
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration#Afghanistan
https://foreignpolicy.com/tag/afghanistan/
https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/
https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan
https://mofa.gov.pk/testing-language/
Sources
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p0sNQdOW1CI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQvd2uhpZRI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCvCS3BHgAg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KK_7GYYWreQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVykQCF0A_4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nlsnnhn3VWE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yL3E1hUp_kg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WA8-KEnfWbQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1F25yt0ItM
https://www.history.com/topics/landmarks/world-trade-center
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osama-bin-Laden
https://www.britannica.com/event/Cold-War
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YhyN0ve1PYI
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=aw30lthNz3E
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration#Afghanistan
https://foreignpolicy.com/tag/afghanistan/
https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-afghanistan/
https://www.cfr.org/timeline/us-war-afghanistan
https://mofa.gov.pk/testing-language/