KOLEJ VOKASIONAL

TENGKU AMPUAN
AFZAN
DRUG ABUSE
NAME OF GROUP MEMBERS : - ERDEENA BINTI MOHD AFANDI
- HANIS NUR FATIHAH BINTI AB HARIS
- NUR AQILAH SYAHIRAH BINTI
ARMAN
- ELENA ERISSA DARWIN BINTI
MUZAFAR
CLASS : 1 DVM BPP
NAME OF THE LECTURER : SIR FOONG
 INTRODUCTION
Good morning , my name is Hanis Nur Fatihah Binti AB Haris and
my group members are Erdeena Binti Mohd Afandi , Nur Aqilah
Syahirah Binti Arman and Elena Erissa Darwin Binti Muzafar. We
are from 1 dvm bpp. We have chosen the title of Drug Abuse. Drug
abuse is a polygenic disorder where several gens contribute to
some extent and currently association between polymorphism of
CYP2D6 and CYP2B6 with metabolism of several drugs that are
also abused have been documented.

From: Alcohol, Drugs, Genes and the Clinical Laboratory, 2017

 EXAMPLE OF CASES
I) New cases of drug abusers in Malaysia from 2013 to 2018
II) Drug abuse comorbidity by age
III) Drug addiction or abuse related suicides in India
 CAUSES
While specific incentives differ from person to person, generally speaking, people start using
drugs to escape or mask pain.
In some individuals, the onset of drug use can be from untreated psychiatric issues including
anxiety and depression. The rush of pleasure from using drugs can provide temporary solace
from suffering, which can stem from many mental health or other issues including the following:
 Trauma or abuse
 Mental illness
 Low self-esteem
 Poverty
 Relationship problems
 Loss of a loved one
 Stress
 Chronic pain or medical conditions

But whatever their reason for starting, once addiction sets in, the disease usually spirals more
and more out of their control.
 EFFECTS
The sad truth is that more deaths, illnesses, and disabilities are caused by substance
abuse than by any other preventable health condition. Prolonged drug dependence
interferes with just about every organ in the human body, and while different drugs
have different damaging effects, these are some of the common conditions substance
abuse can cause:

 Damaged immune system, which increases susceptibility to infection

 Cardiovascular conditions, including heart attacks and collapsed veins
 Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
 Liver overexertion or liver failure
 Seizures and strokes
 Widespread brain damage that can interfere with memory, attention, and decision-
making, as well as permanent brain damage
Some of the worst effects of substance abuse aren’t even health related.
Drug abuse can have a number of damaging consequences on an addict’s
social and emotional well-being, including:

• Loss of employment
• Relationship loss
• Incarceration
• Financial trouble
• Homelessness
• Risky sexual behavior

Many problems can be reversed or minimized by getting sober, but there

may be some health and emotional issues that simply won’t heal with time.
The best way to prevent permanent damage is to seek professional treatment
ASAP to overcome the addiction.
 WAYS TO OVERCOME
1) FINDING HELP Talk to your doctor about a treatment plan.
• A treatment plan should be tailored to your
condition, physical and mental health history. It
may use detoxification, behavioural or other
counselling, medication, evaluation, and follow up
treatment. A treatment plan should help you to
stop using drugs, stay drug free, and live the life
you want to live.

 Your doctor should ask you about substance abuse

in a non-judgemental manner, and try to learn
more about your quantity, frequency, duration, and
route of administration of drug.
2) CHANGING YOUR LIFESTYLE Start a daily exercise routine.
• Exercise is a great way of coping with
stress. It can help you cope during recovery
from drug addiction. Also, exercise can
help restore dopamine levels in the brain to
their normal levels prior to drug abuse. So,
starting an exercise routine can help you
cope and heal from drug abuse.

 Start a daily walking or hiking routine. A

brisk 15 minute walk can help you cope
with cravings and enjoy your surroundings.
 Try yoga. Yoga offers a nice balance of
physical activity and meditation to reduce
stress and anxiety. It can help you balance
mind and body and makes you feel good.
3) BUILDING A SUPPORTIVE SOCIAL NETWORK

Build a social network to support your

recovery.
• Start reaching out to more family
members and friends. Ask if they
would be able to support you in your
recovery efforts. Eventually, you will
have a network of supporters who can
offer different kinds of help such as
empathy, advice or practical
assistance
 CONCLUSION
Drug abuse is a complex problem thought to result from a
combination of psychological, and environmental factors. Infants
of abusers may suffer from neglect or the effects of parental drug
use. As they grow inti childhood, they may demonstrate antisocial
behavior, and signs of malnutrition, poor self-esteem,
depression,or attention deficit disorder. Identification of drug
abuse is a difficult first step on the road to recovery because of the
methods many abuses use to hide their addiction, the inability of
family members to recognize or accept the problem, and the
relatives’ anabling behavior.
 APPENDIX
 SIGNS, SYMPTOMS AND DANGERS OF ALCOHOL AND DRUG ABUSE

Substance abuse, the misuse of drugs and alcohol, is not a new issue, but it is one of growing
concern to employers. Substance abuse is a problem in the workplace, costing businesses
billions of dollars per year. Research has shown that substance abuse affects organizations, as
evidenced by increased medical benefit claims, increased absenteeism, increased worker’s
compensation claims, and decreased productivity. Substance abuse poses serious safety and
health risks not only to the user, but also to those who work with or come into contact with the
abuser.
1) ALCOHOL FACTS
Alcohol, when consumed primarily for its physical and mood-altering effects, is a substance of
abuse. As a depressant it slows down physical responses and progressively impairs mental
functions. Signs and symptoms of use include dulled mental processes, lack of coordination,
odor of alcohol on the breath, slowed reaction rate, and slurred speech. The chronic
consumption of alcohol over time may result in dependency, fatal liver disease, kidney disease,
and birth defects.
It takes one hour for the average person (150 pounds) to process one serving of an alcoholic
beverage from the body. Impairment in coordination and judgment can be objectively measured
with as little as two drinks in the body. A person who is legally intoxicated is six times more likely
to have an accident than a sober person.
2) AMPHETAMINE FACTS
Amphetamines are central nervous system stimulants that speed up the mind and body. Signs
and symptoms of use include hyper-excitability, restlessness, confusion, panic, talkativeness,
inability to concentrate, and heightened aggressive behavior. Regular use produces strong
psychological dependence and increasing tolerance to the drug.
Low-dose amphetamine use will cause short-term improvement in mental and physical
functioning. With greater use, however, the effect reverses and has an impairing effect.
Hangover effect is characterized by physical fatigue and depression, which may make operation
of equipment or vehicles dangerous.

3) COCAINE FACTS
Cocaine is abused as a powerful physical and mental stimulant; the entire central nervous system
is energized. Signs and symptoms of use include financial problems, increased physical activity
and fatigue, isolation and withdrawal from friends and normal activities, unusual defensiveness,
anxiety, agitation, and wide mood swings. Cocaine use causes the heart to beat faster and
harder and rapidly increases blood pressure. Cocaine causes spasms of blood vessels in the
brain and heart and can lead to ruptured vessels causing strokes or heart attacks. Extreme mood
and energy swings create instability. Work performance is characterized by forgetfulness,
absenteeism, tardiness, and missed assignments.