SPACE LINK SERVICES

 
CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE FOR SPACE DATA SYSTEMS CCSDS
 
 
Antonio Cassiano Julio Filho

  
CSE-206-4 Introduction to Space Data Network
 
Professor Dr. Walter Abrahão dos Santos
 
 
Postgraduate Course in Space Engineering and Technology

 National Institute for Space Research – INPE

São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil 

September 06 th, 2018

 Agenda

SPACE LINK SERVICES

1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. CCSDS Documents
4. Documents by CCSDS area
5. Space Link Services
o Overview of Space Communications Protocols
o Telemetry - TM Space Data Link Protocol
o Telecommand - TC Space Data Link Protocol
o Introduction about AOS, Prox-1 and COP-1
6. Project Example
7. Conclusions

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 1 - Introduction

• CCSDS was formed in 1982 by the major space agencies.

• 11 member agencies and 28 observer agencies.

• A forum for discussion of common problems in the development and
operation of space data systems.

• Recommendations for data and information systems standards.

• CCSDS standardization reduces the cost of spaceflight missions by

allowing cost sharing between agencies.

• The goal is interoperability and cross-support, while also reducing

risk, development time and project costs.

• More than 900 space.

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 2 - Objectives

Overview about the CCSDS;

The documents area;

Addresses the Space Link Services

•Space Link Services,

•Overview of Space Communications Protocols,
•TM Space Data Link Protocol,
•TC Space Data Link Protocol,
•Introduction about AOS, Prox-1 and COP-1

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 3. - CCSDS Documents

Recommended Standards (Blue Books) define specific interfaces,

technical capabilities, normative definitions, protocols.
Recommended Practices (Magenta Books) are the consensus results
of CCSDS community deliberations to capture the "best”.
Informational Reports (Green Books) is intended to provide for the
timely publication of a very broad range of general information.
Experimental Specification (Orange Books) indicates that it is part of
a research or development effort based on prospective requirements.
Record documents (Yellow Books) may be reports, meeting records,
or interoperability test plans and reports.

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4.- Documents by CCSDS AREA

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 Details - CCSDS area

The Space Internetworking Services Area (SIS)

Services and protocols to address networked interactions of:
spacecraft and earth, among spacecraft, heterogeneous spacecraft.
The Spacecraft Onboard Interface Services Area (SOIS) Standard
development activities is to improve the spacecraft flight.

The System Engineering Area (SEA)

.
Architecture for space mission communications, operations, CS.

Space Link Services Area (SLS)

A space link interconnects a spacecraft with its ground support
system or with another spacecraft.

 The Cross Support Services (CSS)

How space network resources are made available by one
organization to another for the purpose of "Cross Support“ - CS.
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 Agenda

SPACE LINK SERVICES

1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. CCSDS Documents
4. Documents by CCSDS area
5. Space Link Services
o Overview of Space Communications Protocols
o Telemetry - TM Space Data Link Protocol
o Telecommand - TC Space Data Link Protocol
o Introduction about AOS, Prox-1 and COP-1
6. Project Example
7. Conclusions

8
 Space Link Services

Space link interconnects

a spacecraft with its
ground support or with Domain of
Space Link
another spacecraft. Services

Layers 1 and 2 (OSI).

Added functions:
Proximity space links are Operations
Store
defined to be short-range, Control Domain of
Data Data Center Space Link
bi-directional Processing Processing
Extension
Data compression for Store Store Services
end to end data transfer; Data
Processing
Store

Ranging for accurate User User User

orbit determination.

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 5.1.1 – Historic of Space Communications Protocols
• TM was formatted with Time Division Multiplexingstream of fixed-length frames.

• In the 1980s:
• Packet TM protocol, for sending using a variable-length data.  Source Packet.
• Telecommand, for sending commands to spacecraft  TC Packet.
• Advanced Orbiting Systems, (ISS)  Online data (such as audio and video).
• RF & Modulation Systems  signal between a spacecraft and a ground station.

• In the 1990s,
• Communications Protocol Specifications  SCPS-TP.
• CCSDS File Delivery Protocol  transfer files to/from an onboard memory
• Lossless Data Compression and Image  to increase the science return.

• Recently:
• Proximity-1 Space Link Protocol to be used over proximity space links.
• CCSDS Protocols to Secure Systems, Architecture, Cryptographic Algorithms.
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 5.1.1.4 – Protocol Layers

CCSDS has developed 4

protocols for the Data Link
Protocol:
 TM  Return Link ;
 TC  Forward Link;
 AOS  Return or both
 Proximity-1  both

These protocols
(collectively known as
Space Data Link Protocols
- SDLP)
They provide the
capability
to transfer various types
of data on space links .

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 5.1.1.5 - End-to-end Forwarding

An examples of how space

communications protocols of
various layers are used in space
data systems.

Figure 4-2 shows a stack of

protocols used over a space link.

Figure 4-3 shows an example of

protocol configuration in an end-
to-end space data system.

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 Agenda
SPACE LINK SERVICES
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. CCSDS Documents
4. Documents by CCSDS area
5. Space Link Services
o Overview of Space Communications Protocols
o Telemetry - TM Space Data Link Protocol
o Telecommand - TC Space Data Link Protocol
o Introduction about AOS, Prox-1 and COP-1
6. Project Example
7. Conclusions

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 5.2.1 - CCSDS 132.0-B-2 – TM Space Data Link Protocol
This Protocol provides the users with several services to transfer service
data units SDU (known as TM Transfer Frames) over a space link.

The fixed-length protocol data units are used to transfer data through the
weak-signal, noisy space links via a particular channel,

 Physical Channel  a single stream of bits transferred over a space link

in a single direction.

A key feature of this Protocol is the

concept of ‘Virtual Channels’ (VC).

It allows one Physical Channel to be

shared among multiple higher-layer
data streams.

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 5.2.1 - CCSDS 132.0-B-2 – TM Space Data Link Protocol

The protocol entity performs the following protocol functions:

• generation and processing of protocol control information;

• to perform data identification, loss detection, and error detection;
• segmenting and blocking of SDU to transfer variable-length service data
• multiplexing/demultiplexing, generation to transfer PDU at a constant rate.

Services Types:

Asynchronous,

Synchronous and

Periodic Services.
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 5.2.1 - CCSDS 132.0-B-2 – TM Space Data Link Protocol

8 Services are provided by the TM

Space Data Link Protocol.

5 services are provided for a

Virtual Channel (VC):
VC Packet,
VC Access,
VC Frame Secondary Header,
VC Operational Control Field,
VC Frame.

3 services are provided for a

Master Channel (MC)
MC Frame Secondary Header,
MC Operational Control Field,
MC Frame,
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5.2.1 - CCSDS 132.0-B-2 – TM Space Data Link Protocol

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 Agenda

SPACE LINK SERVICES

1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. CCSDS Documents
4. Documents by CCSDS area
5. Space Link Services
o Overview of Space Communications Protocols
o Telemetry - TM Space Data Link Protocol
o Telecommand - TC Space Data Link Protocol
o Introduction about AOS, Prox-1 and COP-1
6. Project Example
7. Conclusions

18
 5.2.1 - CCSDS 232.0-B-2 - TC Space Data Link Protocol
It provides the users with several services to transfer SDU over a space link.
 The major functions are:
• Segmentation and blocking of SDU and
• Transmission control of SDU.

The automatic retransmission (only small pieces, when errors are detected)
control mechanism called the Communications Operation Procedure COP.

 PDU employed by this protocol are the TC Transfer Frame and the
Communications Link Control Word (CLCW).

A key feature of this Protocol is the

concept of ‘Virtual Channels’ (VC).

It allows one Physical Channel may

be divided into several separate
logic.

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 5.2.1 - CCSDS 232.0-B-2 – TC Space Data Link Protocol

The protocol entity performs the following protocol functions:

•Generation of control information to perform data ID, loss and error detection;

•Segmenting and blocking of SDU to transfer of various sizes in PDU;

•Multiplexing/demultiplexing in order for service users to share a single Physical

Channel;

•Retransmission of missing PDU and rejection the duplicated PDU.

2 Services Types:
•Sequence-Controlled;
•Expedited).

The TC Transfer Frames have variable lengths and are transferred over a
Physical Channel asynchronously.
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 5.2.1 - CCSDS 232.0-B-2 – TC Space Data Link Protocol

7 Services are provided by

the TC Space Data Link
Protocol.

2 services are provided for

a MAP Channel:
MAP Packet;
MAP Access.

4 services are provided for

a Virtual Channel (VC):
VC Packet,
VC Access,
VC Frame,
COP Management.

1 services are provided for

a Master Channel (MC)
MC Frame. 21
 Communications Operation Procedure – COP-1

COP specifies the closed-loop procedures executed by the sending and

receiving ends of the TC Space Data Link Protocol.

COP provides a basic Quality of Service (QoS), i.e.:

The delivery of SDU to the layer above at the receiving end, correct and
without omission or duplication and in the same sequential order.

The space links are noisy and may introduce errors or discontinuities into
transmitted data streams.

The job of the COP is therefore to ensure, (in the presence of such
errors) correctness, completeness, and the delivered service data units.

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5.2.1 - CCSDS 132.0-B-2 – TM Space Data Link Protocol

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 Agenda

SPACE LINK SERVICES

1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. CCSDS Documents
4. Documents by CCSDS area
5. Space Link Services
o Overview of Space Communications Protocols
o Telemetry - TM Space Data Link Protocol
o Telecommand - TC Space Data Link Protocol
o Introduction about AOS, Prox-1 and COP-1
6. Project Example
7. Conclusions

24
 Introduction about AOS, Prox-1 and COP-1

CCSDS 732.0-B-3 AOS Space Data Link Protocol. Blue Book. Issue 3. September 2015
The Advanced Orbit System Space Data Link Protocol may be used on a return link
alone, or on both forward and return links if there is a need for two-way higher speed
communications (e.g. audio and video) between a spacecraft and the ground.

CCSDS 211.1-B-4 Proximity-1 Space Link Protocol - Physical Layer. Blue Book. Issue
4. December 2013.
The Proximity-1 is to be used over proximity space links, where proximity space links
are defined to be short range, bi-directional, fixed or mobile radio, generally used to
communicate among fixed probes, landers, rovers, constellations, and orbiting relays.

Communications Operation Procedure-1. Blue Book. Issue 2. September 2010.

This Standard specifies the COP-1 used by the TC Space Data Link Protocol.

The job of the COP within this protocol is therefore to ensure, in the presence of such
errors or discontinuities introduced by the space link, the correctness, completeness,
and sequentiality of the delivered service data units.

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Project Example

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 Conclusions
SPACE LINK SERVICES

Space Link Services:

Interconnects a spacecraft with its ground support system or with another spacecraft.
5 layers of the ISO: Physical, Data Link, Network Layer, Transport and Application.
Standards are:
TM, TC, AOS and Prox-1  collectively known as Space Data Link Protocols - SDLP.

TM Space Data Link:

The PDU is “TM Transfers Frame” via Physical Channel
Key feature is the concept of ‘Virtual Channels’ (VC).
Services Types: Asynchronous, Synchronous and Periodic.

TC Space Data Link:

The PDU are “TC Transfers Frame” and “Communications Link Control Word”.
Key feature is the concept of ‘Virtual Channels’ (VC).
Services Types: Sequence-Controlled and Expedited over Channel Asynchronously.

Main Goal:
Interoperability and Cross-Support. 27