HARASSMENT AGAINST WOMEN

The Legal Perspective

 LEGAL DEFINITION (Sec 2(h))

Harassment :

Unwelcome sexual advance, request for sexual favors or other

verbal or written communication or physical conduct of a sexual
nature or sexually demeaning attitudes,

 Causing interference with work performance or creating an

intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment, or

 The attempt to punish the complainant for refusal to comply to

such a request or is made a condition for employment.
 A. ABUSE OF AUTHORITY

A demand by a person in authority, such as a

supervisor, for sexual favors in order for the
complainant to keep or obtain certain job
benefits, be it a wage increase, a promotion,
training opportunity, a transfer or the job itself.
B. CREATING A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT

Any unwelcome sexual advance, request for

sexual favors or other verbal or physical
conduct of a sexual nature, which interferes
with an individual’s work performance or
creates an intimidating, hostile, abusive or
offensive work environment.
 C. RETALIATION

The refusal to grant a sexual favor can result in

retaliation, which may include limiting the
employee’s options for future promotions or
training, distorting the evaluation reports,
generating gossip against the employee or other
ways of limiting access to her rights. Such
behavior is also a part of the harassment.
 KINDS OF HARASSMENT
 Landlord harassment
 Cyber harassment
 Power (political) harassment
 Racial harassment
 Religious harassment
 Psychological harassment
 Workplace harassment
 LEGAL WAYS OF DEALING WITH
HARASSMENT

 Harassment in public places.

 Harassment in a specified setting.
e.g: Workplace, Hospitals
 HARASSMENT IN PUBLIC PLACES
 Ogling, cat-calling or Indecent Gestures.
 Criminal Intimidation u/s 503: Whoever threatens another with any injury
to his person, reputation or property, or to the person or reputation of any
one in whom that person is interested, with intent to cause to alarm to
that person, or to cause that person to do any act which he is not legally
bound to do, or to omit to do any act which that person is legally entitled
to do, as the means of avoiding the execution of such threat, commits
criminal intimidation
 Punishment u/s 509: Whoever commits the offence of criminal
intimidation shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for
a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both;
 If the threat be to cause death or grievous hurt, or to cause the
destruction of any property by fire, or to cause an offence punishable with
death or 166[ imprisonment for life], or with imprisonment for a term
which may extend to seven years, or to impute unchastity to a woman,
shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term
which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.
 Insulting modesty or causing sexual harassment u/s 509:
 – (1) whoever;- (i) Intending to insult the modesty of any woman, utters
any word, makes any sound or gesture, or exhibits any object, intending
that such word or sound shall be heard, or that such gesture or object shall
be seen, by such woman, or intrudes upon the privacy of such woman;
 (ii) conducts sexual advances, or demands sexual favours or uses written or
verbal communication or physical conduct of a sexual nature which intends
to annoy, insult, intimidate or threaten the other person or commits such
acts at the premises of work place, or makes submission to such conduct
either explicitly or implicitly a term or condition of an individual's
employment, or makes submission to or rejection of such conduct by an
individual a basis for employment decision affecting such individual, or
retaliates because of rejection of such behavior, or conducts such behavior
with the intention of unreasonably interfering with an individual's work
performance or creating an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working
environment, shall be punished with imprisonment which may extend to
three years or fine up to five hundred thousand rupees or with both.”
Explanation-1 Such behavior might occur in public place, including, but not
limited to, markets, public transport, streets or parks, or it might occur in
private places including, but not limited to work places, private gatherings,
or homes.

Explanation-2 Workplace means, the place of work or the premises where

an organization or employer operates, this may be a specific building,
factory, open area or a larger geographical area where the activities of the
organization are carried out. Sexual advances may occur after working hours
and outside workplace. It is the access that a perpetrator has to the person
being harassed by virtue of a job situation or job related functions and
activities.
HARASSMENT AT WORKPLACE

THE PROTECTION AGAINST

HARASSMENT OF WOMEN AT THE
WORKPLACE ACT 2010
COMPETENT AUTHORITY:

“Competent Authority” means the authority as may be designated by the

management for the purposes of this Act

COMPLAINANT:

“Complainant” means a woman or man who has made a complaint to the

Ombudsman or to the Inquiry Committee on being aggrieved by an act of
Harassment

EMPLOYEE:

“Employee” means a regular or contractual employee whether employed on

daily, weekly, or monthly or hourly basis, and includes an intern or an
apprentice.
 EMPLOYER:

“Employer” in relation to an organization, means any person or body of persons whether incorporated or not, who or which
employs workers in an organization under a contract of employment or in any other manner
whosoever and includes –

(i) an heir, successor or assign, as the case may be, of such person or, body as aforesaid;

(ii) any person responsible for the direction, administration, management and control of the management;

(iii) the authority, in relation of an organization or a group of organization run by or under the authority of any Ministry or
department of the Federal Government or a Provincial government, appointed in this behalf or, where no authority is appointed,
the
head of the Ministry or department as the case may be

(iv) the office bearer, in relation to an organization run by or on behalf of the local authority, appointed in this behalf, or where no
officer is so appointed, the chief executive officer bearer of that authority;

(v) the proprietor, in relation to any other organization, of such organization and every director, manager, secretary, agent or office
bearer or person concerned with the management of the affairs thereof.

(vi) a contractor or an organization of a contractor who or which undertakes to procure the labour or services of employees for use
by another person or in another organization for any purpose whatsoever and for payment in any form and on any basis
whatsoever;

(vi) office bearers of a department of a Division of a Federal or a Provincial or local authority who belong to the managerial,
secretarial or directional cadre or categories of supervisors or agents and those who have been notified for this purpose in the
official Gazette
 MEANING OF WORKPLACE

“workplace” means the place of work or the premises

where an organization or employer operates and includes
building, factory, open area or a larger geographical area
where the activities of the organization or of employer are
carried out and including any situation that is linked to
official work or official activity outside the office.
 INQUIRY COMMITTEE

COMPOSITION (Sec 3):

 Compulsory for every private or Government

organization to constitute an Inquiry Committee
within thirty days.
 Shall consist of 3 members, 1 of whom shall be
a woman.
 INQUIRY COMMITTEE

POWERS (Sec 5):

 To summon and enforce attendance of any person

and examine him on oath;
 To require the discovery and production of any
document;
 To receive evidence on affidavits;
 To record evidence.
 To treat proceedings confidential.
 INQUIRY COMMITTEE

PROCEDURE (Sec 4):

 Shall communicate the charges to the accused within 3 days
of receiving complaint.
 Give 7 days to the accused to defend him/herself, or proceed
ex-parte.
 Examine oral/documentary evidence.
 Give each party opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses.
 Shall submit its findings and recommend penalties to the
Competent Authority within 30 days of the initiation.
 PENALTIES

MINOR PENALTIES:
MAJOR PENALTIES:

 Censure.
 Reduction to a lower post or
time-scale.
 Withholding promotion or
increment.  Compulsory retirement.

 Stoppage at an efficiency bar  Removal from service.

in the time-scale.
 Dismissal from service.
 Recovery of the compensation
payable to the complainant
 Fine.
from pay.
The Competent Authority shall impose the penalty recommended by the
Inquiry Committee under sub-section (4) within one week of the receipt of
the recommendations of the Inquiry Committee

The Inquiry Committee shall meet on regular basis and monitor the
situation regularly until they are satisfied that their recommendations subject
to decision, if any of Competent Authority and Appellate Authority have been
implemented.

In case the complainant is in trauma the organization will arrange for

psycho-social counseling or medical treatment and for additional medical
leave.

The organization may also offer compensation to the complainant in case

of loss of salary or other damages.
 APPEAL (Sec 6):

 Aggrieved party can appeal within 30 days to

Ombudsman.
 The Appellate Authority may set aside, vary or modify
the decision within thirty days.
 OMBUDSPERSON

COMPETENCY (Sec 7):

The respective Governments shall appoint an

ombudsperson at the Federal and provincial levels. A
person shall be qualified to be appointed as an
Ombudsperson who has been a judge of High Court
or qualified to be appointed as a judge of High Court.
 POWERS (SEC 10):

 Summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him
on oath.

 Compelling the production of evidence

 Receiving evidence on affidavits.

 Issuing commission for the examination of witnesses.

 Entering any premises for the purpose of making any inspection or

investigation.

 Shall have the same powers as the High Court has to punish any person for
its contempt.
 PROCEDURE (SEC 8):
 Any employee shall have the option to prefer a complaint
either to the Ombudsman or the Inquiry Committee.

 Shall within 3 days of receiving a complaint issue a written

show cause notice to the accused.

 The accused after the receipt of written notice, shall

submit written defense to the Ombudsman within 5 days.

 The Ombudsman shall record his decision and inform both

parties and the management.
 REPRESENTATION TO PRESIDENT OR
GOVERNOR
Any person aggrieved by a decision of Ombudsman
may, within 30 days of decision, make a
representation to the President or Governor, as the
case may be, who may pass such order thereon as he
may deem fit.
Thank You
Amina Asif
Advocate High Court.