Republic of Philippines

City of Olongapo

Gordon College

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
IN NURSING
i.(INTERNATIONAL ASSOC. FOR PAIN
STUDY) –An unpleasant SENSORY
and EMOTIONAL EXPERIENCE
associated with actual and potential
tissue damage, or described in terms
of such damage.
“WHATEVER THE PERSON
EXPERIENCING IT SAYS IT IS, AND
EXISTING WHENEVER THE PERSON
SAYS IT DOES…” (McCaffery)
 (the CLIENT as the ONLY person who
can accurately define & describe his/ her pain)
A..Pain has a personal meaning.

B. If the client says he or she has pain, the

client is in pain. ALL PAIN IS REAL.

C. Pain has physical, emotional, cognitive,

sociocultural and spiritual dimension.

D. Pain affects the whole body, usually

negatively.

E. Pain may serve as both a RESPONSE to a

warning of ACTUAL or POTENTIAL trauma.
iii.INTERPERSONAL SKILL
a. Connecting the task that must be
accomplished with the human side of people
performing the task while focusing on patient’s
need.

b. Enabling communication, consideration, and

cooperation
(Costello-Nickitas, ‘97)
 .
. RADIATION
. MICROORGANISM
INFLAMMATION . COMPRESSION
. IMPAIRED BLOOD
FLOW . HEAT
. INVASIVE
TUMOR . OBSTRUCTION
. DEC.
MOVEMENT
. STRETCHING OR
 . DEPOSIT OF
FOREIGN TISSUE . SPASM
. SWELLING
. CONFLICT, .
DIFFICULTY IN FRACTURE
.
LIFE. CHEMICALS
.
ELECTRICIT
PAIN PATHWAYS
EFFERENT FIBERS RUN FROM
THE RETICULAR FORMATION
AND MIDBRAIN TO THE
SUBSTANTIA GELATINOSA IN
THE DORSAL HORN OF THE
SPINAL CORD. Along these fibers,
pain may be inhibited or modulated.
 SPECIALIZED PATHWAYS FOR PAIN
TRANSMISSION EXIST THROUGH THE FREE
NERVE ENDINGS IN THE PERIPHERY.

PAIN IS PERCEIVE WHEN THE

STIMULUS IS INTENSE ENOUGH.

DESCRIBED THE EFFECT OF SENSITIZING

THE CNS AND PNS TO PAINFUL STIMULI.
-PAINFUL SIGNALS CREATE A CASCADE OF
CHANGES IN THE Nervous system, which in turn increases
the responsiveness of the PNS and CNS.
INTERDISCIPLINARY CARE:
VIVIMUS,
…

SERVIM
US