Trichostrongyloidea

Cooperia
Important species
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 Cooperia

Definitive Host Spectrum

• Sheep, goats, cattle, other ruminants

Site of Infection
• Anterior small intestine

Geographic Distribution
• One of the most common genera in ruminants
worldwide.
 Morphology

• Adults - 4-10 mm long; anterior end dilated;

transversely striated; cuticle of rest of body
with 14-16 longitudinal lines
• Male - bursa 2 large lateral lobes and small
dorsal lobe; male copulatory spicules have a
wing like expansion in the middle region
• Female - vulva may be covered by a flap and
tail is tapering
 Life cycle
• Eggs deposited in feces
• L 1 hatches from egg; L 1 and L 2 microbivorous
• L 3 ensheathed, infective
• L 3 ingested, exsheaths in rumen or abomasum
• L 3 molt to L 4 in about 4 days in small intestine;
at immature stage (L 5 ) in 10 days post infection
• Prepatent period - 3 weeks
• Inhibition of larvae not well-studied
Pathogenesis/Clinical Signs

• May cause enteritis, catarrhal inflammation,

emaciation
• Like that of trichostrongylus
 Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
• Eggs; culture of larvae to L 3
• Adults at necropsy
Treatment
• Benzimidazoles
• Ivermectin, doramectin
• Levamisole
 Hyostrongylus

Hyostrongylus rubidus (red stomach worm of swine)

Definitive Host Spectrum
• Swine
Site of Infection
Stomach
Geographic Distribution
Worldwide
 Morphology
• Adults - red, when alive or freshly removed
at necropsy; up to 9 mm long; males with
well-developed lateral lobes but small
dorsal lobe; paired ,equal but short
spicules
 Life Cycle (Stages)

• Eggs passed in feces, hatching in 1 1/2 days

• L 3 appear in 1 week
• ensheathed L 3 infective for swine
• L 3 enter gastric glands; reach adult stage in 2
weeks
• Prepatent period - 3 to 4 weeks
 Pathogenesis/Clinical Signs

• Like that of ostertagia

• Blood loss
• anemia
• Inflammation, hyperemia
• Nodule formation
 Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis
• Eggs in feces
• "Red" worms at necropsy
Treatment
• Ivermectin
• Organophosphates
• Pyrantel
Other Control Measures
• Clean concrete pads