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Computer Architecture Basics

The document discusses the basic structure of computer architecture. It defines computer architecture as the interface between software and hardware. It then describes the main components of a computer system as hardware, software, and firmware. Finally, it provides a block diagram of computer architecture showing the main components and describes the basic steps of how an instruction executes in a computer system.

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ISMAIL HOSSAIN RAKIB
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105 views7 pages

Computer Architecture Basics

The document discusses the basic structure of computer architecture. It defines computer architecture as the interface between software and hardware. It then describes the main components of a computer system as hardware, software, and firmware. Finally, it provides a block diagram of computer architecture showing the main components and describes the basic steps of how an instruction executes in a computer system.

Uploaded by

ISMAIL HOSSAIN RAKIB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BASIC

STRUCTURE OF
COMPUTER
ARCHITECTURE
1
Outline

 Computer Architecture

 Hardware, Software, Firmware

 Block Diagram of Computer Architecture

 How does instruction execute in Computer System?

2
Computer Architecture is the interface between software and hardware. It is what the
programmer sees.

A computer system is sometimes subdivided into two functional entities: hardware and
software.

The hardware of the computer consists all the electronics components and electromechanical
devices that comprise the physical entity of the device.

Computer software consists of the instructions and data that the computer manipulates to
perform various data-processing tasks.

Firmware falls between hardware and software. Firmware consists of programs that are
included into electronic circuits during their manufacture. Firmware is used when the
programs must be retained in case of power failure and when programs are not expected3 to be
Computer Architecture refers to those attributes of a system that have a direct
impact on the logical execution of a program. Examples:

 the instruction set

 the number of bits used to represent various data types

 I/O mechanisms

 memory addressing techniques

4
Computer Organization refers to the operational units and their
interconnections that realize the architecture specifications. Examples are
things that are transparent to the programmer:

 control signals

 interfaces between computer and peripherals

 the memory technology being used

5
Block Diagram of Computer Architecture

Input Memory Output

Arithmetic Logic Unit


(ALU)
Control

Data/Instruction
Control
6
To execute instructions computer performs the following steps:

 The control unit reads or fetches an instruction from memory and decodes
or translates it.

 For arithmetic or logic-type instructions, the control units generates


enable signals for the ALU to perform the required operations.

 For input/output (I/O) instructions, the control unit generates enable


signals for the I/O either to input data from or output data to external
devices.

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