BUILDING SERVICES III

BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURE
SUBMITTED BY
GEETIKA SINGLA
(University Roll No. 1916432)

SUPERVISED BY
AR. KOMAL THAKUR

I.K. GUJRAL P.T.U., MOHALI CAMPUS- II

KHARAR-BANUR HIGHWAY, KHUNNIMAJRA, SECTOR-115, MOHALI
____________________________________________________________________________
CONSTITENT CAMPUS OF
I.K. GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, JALANDHAR
Kapurthala-Jalandhar Highway, Kapurthala
Building Services BASIC OPERATIONS AIR CONDITIONING
An air conditioner is able to cool a building because it removes heat from the indoor air and transfers it outdoors. A chemical refrigerant in the
system absorbs the unwanted heat and pumps it through a system of piping to the outside coil. The fan, located in the outside unit, blows outside
air over the hot coil, transferring heat from the refrigerant to the outdoor air. Figure 5.2: Ventilation by ducting

The compressor acts as the pump, causing the refrigerant to

flow through the system. Its job is to draw in a low-
pressure, low-temperature, refrigerant in a gaseous state
and by compressing this gas, raise the pressure and
temperature of the refrigerant. This high-pressure, high-
temperature gas then flows to the condenser coil.

The condenser coil is a series of

piping with a fan that draws outside The evaporator coil is a series of piping
air across the coil. As the refrigerant connected to a furnace that blows indoor
passes through the condenser coil air across it, causing the coil to absorb
and the cooler outside air passes heat from the air. The cooled air is then
across the coil, the air absorbs heat delivered to the house through ducting.
from the refrigerant which causes the The refrigerant then flows back to the
refrigerant to condense from a gas to compressor where the cycle starts over
a liquid state. The high-pressure, again.
high-temperature liquid then reaches
the expansion valve.

HOW DOES AIR CONDITIONING WORK

The heat is removed from one area and replaced with chilled dry air and the hot air is expelled, normally to the outside atmosphere. The system
it has three main stages; the evaporator contains the sub-cooled refrigerant and air blows through its veins to release the chilled dry air into the
room, the condenser contains the high temperature gas that once again air is blown through the veins collecting the heat as it passes through and
this is then expelled outside.

I.K GUJRAL PUNJAB SUBJECT TOPIC SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY SHEET NO.

TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Building Services Air Conditioning Ar. Komal Thakur Geetika Singla 1
Building Services AIR CONDITIONING CYCLE AIR CONDITIONING

Beginning the cycle at the evaporator inlet

(1). The low-pressure liquid expands, absorbs heat, and
evaporates, changing to a low-pressure gas at the evaporator outlet
(2). The compressor pumps this gas from the evaporator through the
accumulator
(3). Increases its pressure, and discharges the high-pressure gas to the
condenser
(4). The accumulator is designed to protect the compressor by
preventing slugs of liquid
refrigerant from passing directly into the compressor.
(5). In the condenser, heat is removed from the gas,
which then condenses and becomes a high-pressure liquid.
(6). Between the condenser and the
evaporator an expansion device is located.
Immediately preceding this device is a
liquid line strainer/drier which prevents
plugging of the valve or tube by retaining
scale, dirt, and moisture.
(7). As the high-pressure liquid refrigerant enters the
evaporator, it is subjected to a much lower pressure due to
the suction of the compressor and the pressure drop across
the expansion device. Thus, the refrigerant tends to expand
and evaporate.
(7). In addition to the accumulator, a compressor crankcase heater is
included on many systems. This heater prevents accumulation of refrigerant
in the compressor crankcase during the non-operating periods and prevents
liquid slugging or oil pump out on start-up.
(8). Additional protection to the compressor and system is afforded by a high-
and low- pressure cut-out. This control is set to stop the compressor in the event
that the system pressures rise above or fall below the design operating range.

I.K GUJRAL PUNJAB SUBJECT TOPIC SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY SHEET NO.

TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Building Services Air Conditioning Ar. Komal Thakur Geetika Singla 2