I N S T R U C T I O N A L

D E S I G N
YULENE ABRAHAMS
1086123
 1. What do instructional design
involve (name 4 components)?

2. During determination process,

there are four important principles
PRESENTATION that play key role. Name and
explain these processes.
QUESTIONS:
Instructional Design can be defined as…
“the creation of instructional
experiences which make the acquisition
of knowledge and skill more efficient,
effective and appealing” (Merill, Drake,
Lacy, Prat, 1996).
 WHAT DOES INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN INVOLVE?

INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN INVOLVES HOW
BEST TO ENHANCE LEARNING (DRISCOLL,
2000).
THIS INCLUDES IDENTIFYING THE BEST
METHODS TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED
LEARNING GOALS.
IT SHOULD BE BASED ON LEARNING
THEORY(S) TO CREATE MEANINGFUL
LINKS BETWEEN WHAT IS LEARNED AND
THE CONDITIONS UNDER WHICH
LEARNING OCCURS (DRISCOLL, 2000).
THE FOUR COMPONENTS OF ID
According to Schott and Driscoll (1997, as cited in
Driscoll, 2000):
1. The Learner –whom to teach
2. The Learning Task (learning outcomes) what to teach
3. The Learning environment (learning conditions and
Instructional method) -how to teach
4. The frame of reference (the con text in which learning
occurs) -how to evaluate
 Effective instruction is instruction that
enables students to acquire specified skills,
knowledge, and attitudes. To motivate
students in the instruction process, all
factors must be determined well.

• 1. Begin the planning process by clearly

The Four Principles identifying the general goals and specific
objectives students will be expected to
of the attain;
• 2. Plan instructional activities that are
Determination intended to help students attain those
objectives;

Process • 3. Develop assessment instruments that

measure attainment of those objectives;
• 4. Revise instruction in light of student
performance on each objective and student
attitudes towards instructional activities
(Reiser & Dick, 1996, as cited in Isman,
2011).
CONCLUSION
Teachers should follow these principles
in order to apply successfully their
instruction. The major goal of
instructional design is to demonstrate
planning, developing, evaluating, and
managing the instructional process. At
the end of this process, it can be seen
the student learning performance in
instructional activities based upon
defined goals and objectives.
REFERENCES
• Isman, A. (2011). Instructional Design in Education: New
Model. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-
TOJET, 10(1), 136-142.