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Drug Enforcement, Vice Control,
and Organized Crime

PLTCOL JUAN D CALALUAN

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Lessons
Week 16

Typical activities
a. Violence
b. Financial crime
c. Cybercrime
d. White-collar crime and corruption
e. Drug trafficking
f. Human trafficking

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
• organized crime often victimize businesses
through the use of extortion or theft and fraud
activities

• defraud national, state, or local governments


bid-rigging public projects

counterfeiting money

smuggling or manufacturing untaxed alcohol
or cigarettes

providing immigrant workers to avoid taxes
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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
• seek out corrupt public officials in executive, law
enforcement, and judicial roles so that their
activities can avoid, or at least receive early
warnings about, investigation and prosecution

• also provide a range of illegal services and

goods, such as loan sharking of money at very
high interest rates

• also do a range of business and labor

racketeering activities such as political
corruption and bullying 4
 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
a. Violence
1. Assault
• used for coercive measures, to "rough
up" debtors, competition or recruits, in
the commission of robberies and in
connection to other property offence
• as an expression of counter-cultural
authority
• as a principle violence

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
a. Violence
2. Murder
• form of expressing power, enforcing
criminal authority, achieving retribution or
eliminating competition

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
a. Violence
3. Ideological crime
• also non-traditional organized crime which is
engaged in for political or ideological gain or
acceptance - terrorist organizations

4. Others
• arms trafficking
• arson
• coercion
• extortion
• protection racket
• sexual assault
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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities

b. Financial Crime
• disguise it and convert it into funds that are
available for investment into legitimate
enterprise

• methods use for converting its ‘dirty’ money

into ‘clean’ assets encourages corruption

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
b. Financial Crime
1. Counterfeiting
Qualitative changes in the trade:
• a large increase in fake goods which are
dangerous to health and safety

• most products repossessed by authorities are now

household items rather than luxury goods

• a growing number of technological products

• production is now operated on an industrial scale

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
b. Financial Crime
2. Tax Evasion
• technological advancements have made
the commission of tax evasion easier,
faster and more globalized

• operate fraudulent financial accounts,

utilize illicit offshore bank accounts,
access tax havens or tax shelters, and
operating goods smuggling syndicates to
evade importation taxes help ensure
financial sustainability, security from law
enforcement
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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities

c. Cybercrime
1. Internet Fraud
Cybercrime and Cybercriminals
• cybercrime are skyrocketing
• abuse the internet and computer systems -
hackers or hooligans
• theft-oriented cybercriminals
• corporate espionage
• criminological theory is weak in this area
• "shadow" economy refers to a growing cyber-
economy of criminals who are making money
at online crime 13
 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
c. Cybercrime Crime
1. Internet Fraud
Cybercrime and Cybercriminals
• SpyEye trojan, 2017 (Zeus Trojan) - designed
to break into bank accounts and steal people's
money
• April 2011 Sony Play station theft of profiles
and credit card information

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
c. Cybercrime Crime
1. Internet Fraud
Cybercrime and Cybercriminals

Case Studies of Hackers

In 1972, "Capt. Crunch" aka John Draper, realized that by
blowing the whistle that came in Capt. Crunch cereal boxes, he
Captain
could replicate the tones necessary to place free long-distance
Crunch
phone calls. He spent some time on probation and in prison,
then went to work for Apple Computer.

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
c. Cybercrime Crime
1. Internet Fraud
Cybercrime and Cybercriminals

Case Studies of Hackers

In 1994, Mitnick was the world's most wanted hacker for
Kevin breaking into Digital Equipment's computers and stealing
Mitnick source codes. He served some years in prison, and then
became a book author.

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
c. Cybercrime Crime
1. Internet Fraud
Cybercrime and Cybercriminals

Case Studies of Hackers

In 1995, Poulsen, a friend of Mitnick's, broke into FBI
Kevin
computers. He spent some years in prison, and is now a
Poulsen
computer security journalist.

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
c. Cybercrime
1. Internet Fraud
Cybercrime and Cybercriminals

Case Studies of Hackers

In 2000, this Canadian boy launched denial-of-service attacks on
Mafia boy CNN, Yahoo, and other major websites. He ended up under house
arrest and was restricted from using the Internet.

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
c. Cybercrime Crime
1. Internet Fraud
Cybercrime and Cybercriminals

Case Studies of Hackers

In 2000, this Filipino computer science student unleashed the
Onel De
"ILOVEYOU" virus on the Net. He went unpunished because
Guzman
the Philippines had no law covering the crime.

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
c. Cybercrime Crime

2. Copyright infringement
• is the unauthorized or prohibited use of
works under copyright

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
c. Cybercrime Crime

3. Cyber warfare
• refers to politically motivated hacking to
conduct sabotage and espionage

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
c. Cybercrime Crime

4. Computer viruses
• used as an overarching phrase to include
all types of true viruses, malware,
including computer worms
• proves to be financially lucrative for
criminal organizations

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities

d. White-collar crime and corruption

1.Political corruption
• the use of legislated powers by
government officials for illegitimate
private gain
• if the act is directly related to their official
duties
• include bribery, extortion, cronyism,
nepotism, patronage, graft, and
embezzlement

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
d. White-collar crime and corruption

2. Corporate crime
• refers to crimes committed either by a
corporation or by individuals that may be
identified with a corporation or other
business entity

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities

e. Drug trafficking
• golden triangle (Burma, Laos, Thailand),
golden crescent (Afghanistan) and Central
and South America

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities

f. Human trafficking
1. Sex trafficking
• sexual slavery encompasses most
• forced prostitution - who is coerced by
another to engage in sexual activity

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
f. Human trafficking

2. Illegal Immigration and People smuggling

(Migrant Trafficking)
• People smuggling - the facilitation,
transportation or illegal entry of a person
across an international border, in violation
of one or more countries laws, either
clandestinely or through deception, such
as the use of fraudulent documents

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 DRUG ENFORCEMENT, VICE CONTROL, AND ORGANIZED CRIME

Typical Activities
f. Human trafficking

2. Contemporary slavery and unfree labor

(Labor Racketeering)
• most are debt slaves, largely in South Asia,
who are under debt bondage incurred by
lenders
• fastest growing criminal industry and is
predicted to eventually outgrow drug
trafficking
• Labor racketeering - activity has focused
on the importation of cheap or unfree labor,
involvement with union and public officials
(political corruption) 30
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