MELC Based

Collision Theory and the Rate of

Chemical Reaction

MARIFE S. BALANI
Teacher II

Idea Format Lesson Exemplar

Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate an
understanding the following
aspects of chemical changes:
a. how fast a reaction takes
place
b. how much reactant are
needed and how much
products are formed in a
reaction
c. how much energy is
involved in a reaction
Performance Standard:
The learners shall be able to
make a make either a poster,
a flyer, or a
brochure on a product(such
as fuels, household, or
personal care products)
indicating its uses,
properties, mode of action,
and precautions
Most Essential Use simple collision
Learning theory to explain the
Competencies effects of concentration,
(MELC)
temperature,
and particle size on the
rate of reaction
What I
need to
know?

After going through this module, you are

expected to:
1. define collision theory and describe how it
affects the chemical reaction; and
2. explain the different factors affecting the
rate of reaction
I
What’s
in?

D
What’s
new?

I
What
is it? The Collision Theory
All substances are comprised of
millions of tiny particles in
constant motion. These particles
are constantly colliding with
each other. Not all collisions
D between particles of reactants
result to generation of a product.
What There are two factors that determine
is it?
whether a reaction will occur between
two particles that are colliding:
1. Substances or particles of reactants
must physically collide with enough
energy
2. Substance or particles must come into

D contact or collide in the correct

orientation(facing the correct way)
What The collision theory states that
is it?
reacting substances must come
into contact (collide) with enough
activation energy, and in the
correct orientation (facing the
correct way), so that their electron

D shells can rearrange to form the

products of the reaction.
What
is it? . Therefore, any factor
which changes the
frequency or energy of
the collisions will
D change the rate of the
reaction.
What
is it?

D
What
is it?

D
What
is it? What is a Chemical Reaction?
When two particles collide,
sometimes a chemical reaction
can occur, which means the
bonds between two or more
particles are broken and
D reformed, creating one or more
new substances.
What
is it?
The substances or particles
that enter and is changed
in the chemical reaction are
called reactants and the
substances that are formed
D are called products.
What
is it?

D
What
is it? The reactants (left part of the
equation) are carbon dioxide,
water, and light while the
products (right side of the
equation) are sugar and oxygen.
But for a chemical reaction to
D occur, several things must
happen:
What
is it?
1. The particles must come into
contact with one another or
collide.
2. When they collide, the particles
must be lined by correctly so that
the right parts of the atoms or
molecules are exposed. If they are
D not oriented correctly, no chemical
reaction will take place.
What
is it? 3. The particles must collide
with enough energy to break
their chemical bonds. The
amount of energy that must
be available for a reaction to
occur is referred to as the
D activation energy.
What
is it?
The reaction rate of a chemical
reaction is a measurement of the
increase in the concentration of a
product or the decrease in the
concentration of a reactants as the
reaction proceeds over time.
Keep in mind that not all reactions
occur at the same speed. Some are
D very slow while others are fast.
What
is it?

D
What
is it? Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction
1. Activation Energy
The activation energy refers to the minimum energy
required for a reaction to take place. When a collision
provides energy equal to or greater than the
activation energy, a product can form. On the other
hand, if the energy of the particles is less than the
activation energy, the collision may not effective, and

D they just could bounce off each other unchanged.

What
is it?

The figure above shows a man trying to push a rock over

the cliff. For the man to push the rock, he needs to have
enough energy. If the man does not have enough energy,
the rock will not move down the cliff. This energy needed

D for the man to push the rock over the cliff represents the
activation energy
What
For example, activation energy is needed to
is it? start a car engine. Turning the key causes a
spark that activates the burning of gasoline
in the engine. The combustion of gas won't
occur without the spark of energy to begin
the reaction

D
What 2. Temperature
is it?
Temperature refers to the average
kinetic energy of the particles in an
object. As a rule of thumb, a rise in
temperature of 10 C doubles the
0

reaction rate. The rate of a chemical

reaction increases with increasing

D temperature.
What As the temperature
is it?
increases, collision between atoms
and molecules becomes faster
resulting to build up of more
energy. The increased kinetic
energy will equal to or exceed the
activation energy resulting to

D more collisions giving rise to a

reaction.
What
is it? Example:
Cookies bake faster at
higher temperatures.
Bread dough rises more
quickly in a warm place
D than in a cool one.
What
is it?

D
What 3. Concentration
is it? The rate of a chemical reaction is affected
by the concentration of reacting
substances. The term concentration
refers to the number of particles present in
a given volume of solution. Concentration
may also mean a measure of how much of
the solute (something to be dissolved) is
dissolved in a solvent (dissolving medium)
D to form a homogeneous mixture.
What
is it? So, a higher concentration means
there is more of the solute in the
solution. If the concentration of the
reactant is increased, the rate of
reaction also increases. When the
number of particles of the reactant
is increased, there is a great
D chance for particles to collide.
What
is it?

D
What
is it? 4. Surface Area and Particle Size
Surface area is the measure of
how much exposed area a solid
object has, expressed in square
units. In a reaction between a
solid and a liquid, the more finely
D divided a solid is, the faster is the
rate of reaction.
What
is it? Likewise, as you powdered
a solid, its surface area
becomes greater, thus the
particles have higher
chance of colliding and
D faster reaction happens.
What
is it?

D
What’s
more?

E
What I
can
do? Create your own 5-
minute experiment video
by choosing one of the
factors discussed in this
E lesson
 What . Now is the time for you to explore your
other
enrichment knowledge about collision theory and the
activities
can I factors affecting the rate of chemical reaction.
engage
in? Only short answers are needed.
1. Use the collision theory to explain why a
lump of sugar is better to use in hot cup of tea,
but granulated sugar is better to use in iced tea.
2. Suppose you held a lighted match to a solid
piece of wood and another match to a pile of
wood shavings. Which form of wood would E
catch fire more easily and why?
 What I
have
learned?

A
R REFLECTION:
The learners, in their notebook, journal or
portfolio will write their personal insights about the
lesson using the prompts below.
I understand that_______________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
______________________________________.
I realize that
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
_________________________________.