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terms.
Recombinant DNA Technology
ACTIVITY: “Label it!”
Directions: Label the diagram on the steps of Recombinant DNA
by using the choices indicated below.
ANALYSIS :“Your Say?”
Directions: According to Claude Vorilhon, “Cloning will enable
mankind to reach eternal life”. What is your thought about this
line? Write your answer in the space provided.
Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA technology
Allows DNA to be combined from different sources
Also called genetic engineering or transgenics
Recombinant DNA
Vector – DNA source which can replicate and is used to
carry foreign genes or DNA fragments.
Griffith’s experiment
Transformation
Bacterial Transformation
Bacteria, such as E.coli, can take up and express
foreign DNA, usually in the form of a plasmid.
Transformation
deoxynucleotide dideoxynucleotide
Sequencing
Sequencing Animation
PCR
PCR Animation
PCR
• Arabidopsis thaliana
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• Drosophila melangaster
• Caenorhabditis elegans
• mus musculus
VI. Gene Therapy and Cloning
Treating a genetic disorder by introducing a
normal gene into a cell or by correcting a
gene defect in a cell’s genome.
A. Is well suited for treating genetic disorders
that result from a deficiency of a single
enzyme or protein.
Example: cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, AIDS,
ovarian cancer, brain cancer
A. Many medicine are proteins that can be mass-
produced in a less expensive way through DNA
technology.
Examples:
1. Insulin: controls sugar metabolism; used to treat
diabetes.
2. Colony-Stimulating Factors: used to treat immune
deficiency by stimulating the production of white
blood cells
3. Erythropoietin: used to treat anemia by stimulating
the production of red blood cells.
4. Human Growth Hormone: used as a
treatment for dwarfism; causes bones to
elongate.
5. Interferon: used to treat viral infections and
cancer by preventing the replication of
viruses
6. Interleukins: used to treat HIV and cancer by
activating and stimulating different kinds of
white blood cells.
- Genetically Engineered Vaccines
- Many diseases are combated by
prevention, using vaccines made by
genetic engineering.
Increasing Agricultural Yields
1.DNA technology has been used to
develop new strains of plants,
which in turn can be used to
improve food and crop yields.
A. Examples: Tomatoes and
hornworms:
-by transferring genes for enzymes
that are harmful to hornworms
into tomato plants, scientists can
make tomato plants toxic to
hornworms and effectively protect
the plants from these pests.
B. Wheat, cotton, and soybeans:
-have been created to be resistant to
weed controlling chemicals
1) herbicide: weed controlling chemicals.
2) such herbicide resistant crops can be
protected from weeds more easily and
less expensively than crops that are
susceptible to the herbicides
-The examples given above are also
classified as therapeutic cloning
-Therapeutic cloning uses genetic
engineering to help treat and cure
diseases.
Safety and Environmental Issues
Many people are concerned about the
safety of genetically engineered foods.
the concern is that the food produced
by genetic engineering could contain
toxic proteins or substances that can
cause allergies in people who consume
them.
Foods produced by transgenic crops can
be sold without special permits or labels
if the product is identical to products
produced by nontransgenic crops.
Example: corn, tomatoes
Concerns:
a) genetically engineered crops could spread
into the wild and wipe out native plant
species.
b) transgenic crops could transmit their new
genes to other species in neighboring areas.
Example: superweeds produced by
rice and lawn grasses exchanging
pollen with native species
Reproductive Cloning
-Involves the making of a whole new
organism from a still living organism
-There is no sexual reproduction or
fertilization involved
-Sheep, donkeys, and a number of plants
have been cloned
-Human cloning is still far off in the future
Steps in Reproductive Cloning