Ncm 116

Hiatal Hernia
• A hiatal hernia is also known as esophageal or diaphragmatic hernia.
• A portion of the stomach herniates through the diaphragm and into the
thorax.
 Hiatal Hernia
• Herniation results from weakening
of the muscles of the diaphragm
and is aggravated by factors that
increase abdominal pressure such
as pregnancy, ascites, obesity,
tumors, and heavy lifting.
• occurs when the upper part of your stomach bulges through your
diaphragm into your chest cavity
Types
Causes: • Being born with a larger hiatal
opening than usual.
• Weak diaphragm muscles
• diaphragm as you Age
• Obesity
• Heavy lifting
• Straining on the toilet
• pregnancy
Causes:
• Citrus foods, such as oranges, grapefruits,
and lemons, and orange juice, grapefruit
juice, cranberry juice, and lemonade.
• Chocolate.
• Fatty and fried foods, such as fried
chicken and fatty cuts of meat.
• Garlic and onions.
• Spicy food.
• Peppermint and spearmint.
 Hiatal Hernia
• Signs and Symptoms
• 1. Heartburn
• 2. Regurgitation or vomiting
• 3. Dysphagia
• 4. Feeling of fullness
• acid reflux, and chest pain
• Most cases are not serious. But there's a risk that blood flow to your
stomach could become blocked. If that happens, it could cause serious
damage and is considered a medical emergency.
• its symptoms may be worsened by eating too quickly,
• eating within three hours before bed
• and lifting heavy objects.
• If left untreated, Hiatal hernias can rarely become trapped in the chest
or strangulated—which means the hernia begins to cut off blood to the
entrapped intestine.
• Strangulated Hiatal hernias can cause sudden pain in the chest and
requires immediate medical attention
 Nissen fundoplication
• The specific laparoscopic procedure used to repair a hiatal hernia is called
the Nissen fundoplication.
• This procedure creates a permanent solution to your hiatal hernia
symptoms. During the procedure, your surgeon will make five or six tiny
incisions in the abdomen
 Interventions
• 1. Medical and surgical management are similar to those for
gastroesophageal reflux disease.
• 2. Provide small frequent meals and limit the amount of liquids taken with
meals.
• 3. Advise the client not to recline for 1 hour after eating.
• 4. Avoid anticholinergics, which delay stomach emptying.
• Try to:
• Eat several smaller meals throughout the day rather than a few large meals.
• Avoid foods that trigger heartburn, such as fatty or fried foods, tomato
sauce, alcohol, chocolate, mint, garlic, onion, and caffeine.
• Avoid lying down after a meal or eating late in the day.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Stop smoking.
 Individual Acitivity
1. List at least five (5) Diagnostic Examinations or Procedures for Gastrointestinal (eg.
Ultrasonography).
Include the following:
 Description
 Nursing responsibilities for Preprocedure
 Nursing responsibilities for Postprocedure

 Submit it handwritten in yellow pad paper on the next meeting