WHAT IS DIGITAL SIGNAL

PROCESSING?
 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is a method
for manipulating and analyzing digital signals
using mathematical algorithms.

X(t)

A/D DIGITAL SIGNAL D/A

PRE FILTER POST FILTER
CONVERTER PROCESSOR CONVERTER

Y(t)
 ?
WHY DSP
DSP is used because it
provides greater
precision, accuracy and
allows for complex
operations, it's easy to
store and retrieve signals, it allows for efficient signal
transmission and it's cost-effective and flexible.
 APPLICATIONS OF DSP

SIGNAL N O I S E C A N C E L L AT I O N
COMPRESSION

S P E C T R A L A N A LY S I S T R A N S M U LT I P L E X E R
OF RANDOM SIGNAL
 APPLICATIONS OF DSP

BIOMEDICAL: S E I S M I C D ATA
ECG, EEG SIGNAL PROCESSING
PROCESSING

RADAR AND
CONTROL
SONAR
SYSTEM:
SIGNAL
AIRCRAFT
PROCESSING
CONTROL
 NOISE CANCELLATION

WHAT IS NOISE?
Noise refers to any unwanted or undesired signal that interferes
with the desired signal in DSP, it can be classified into additive and
multiplicative and also characterized by it's probability distribution.
The goal of DSP is to extract the useful information from the signal
and remove the noise by using techniques like filtering, noise
reduction.
  NOISE CANCELLATION

Noise cancellation can be simply explained as the process of reducing

(attenuating) unwanted noise from a system, to the point of it being
barely noticeable, if audible at all.

WE CAN DO NOISE CANCELLATION BY THE FOLLOWING METHODS:

1.From the source device, such as a microphone
2. Within the listening medium, such as a pair of headphones
DSP
NOISE CANCELLATION

Noise cancellation that occurs at the source device, such as a

microphone, is a common practice used in live music performance
recording , telecommunications, or filming a movie. As for
recording and performance arts, we can bring about noise-
cancellation using a series of methods. 
Microphone positioning is critical when capturing a performance
of any kind, be it a musical instrument or human
voice.Microphones possess different polarity patterns. Therefore
you will capture any sound entering this magnetic field, but not
anything outside of this field. 
NOISE CANCELLATION
Using this knowledge, engineers can position microphones,
instruments, or artists in specific directions to reduce the amount
of unwanted noise entering the microphone’s field and maximize
the amount of the desired content to enter this field. You can also
execute noise reduction in the form of additional equipment such
as noise gates and by using higher-quality cables and equipment.
Some of these methods are used on our cellphones to reduce
uninvited sounds from entering the microphones on our devices
when on a phone call or recording a voice memo. As our phones
have more than one onboard microphone, a phenomenon known
as phase can be utilized to combat noisy environments and
improve voice quality on our mobile phones, gaming headsets ,
and laptops with onboard microphones. 
 NOISE CANCELLATION
This is done by using phase cancellation techniques by inverting
one of the audio signals, thus filtering out everything except your
voice from the system, clarifying the audio signal heard on the
receiving end of your phone call.
The other direction of noise cancellation occurs on the listening or
receiving end of the audio signal. We’ll examine noise-canceling
headphones as an example here.
THREE TYPES OF NOISE CANCELLATION:
1. ACTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION
2. PASSIVE NOISE CANCELLATION
3. ADAPTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION
 NOISE CANCELLATION
Active Noise Cancellation:
Active noise cancellation system cancels the unwanted noise based
on the principle of superposition. Specifically, an anti noise of equal
amplitude and opposite phase is generated and combined with the
primary noise, thus resulting in the cancellation of both noises.
 NOISE CANCELLATION
Passive Noise Cancellation:
Passive Noise Cancellation is the noise that headphones block out
based on the physical design of the earcups. Based on the shape of
the headphone earcups and how it fits over the head determines to a
large degree how much noise the headphones can block out.
 NOISE CANCELLATION
Adaptive Noise Cancellation:
Adaptive noise cancellation is a technique used to remove
unwanted noise from a signal using an adaptive filter
 TYPES OF FILTER
There are several types of filters that are commonly used in noise
cancellation, including:
1. Low-Pass Filters: These filters allow low-frequency signals to pass
through while blocking or attenuating high-frequency signals. They are
commonly used to remove high-frequency noise from a signal.

2. High-Pass Filters: These filters allow high-frequency signals to pass

through while blocking or attenuating low-frequency signals. They are
commonly used to remove low-frequency noise from a signal.

3. Band-Pass Filters: These filters allow a specific range of frequencies to

pass through while blocking or attenuating frequencies outside of that
range. They are commonly used to isolate a specific frequency band from
a signal.
4. Band-Stop Filters: These filters block or attenuate a specific
range of frequencies while allowing frequencies outside of
that range to pass through. They are commonly used to
remove a specific frequency band from a signal.

5. Adaptive Filters : These filters can adjust their filtering

characteristics in response to changes in the input signal or the
noise. They are commonly used in active noise control systems
to cancel out unwanted noise in real-time.
.
 HOW NOISE CANCELLATION CAN BE DONE IN DSP ?

In Digital Signal Processing (DSP), noise cancellation is typically achieved through the use of
adaptive filtering algorithms.

The basic process of noise cancellation in DSP is as follows:

1. A microphone or sensor is used to capture the input signal (the signal containing both the
desired signal and the noise).
2. The noise component of the signal is estimated using an adaptive filter algorithm.
3. The estimated noise component is subtracted from the input signal to produce the desired,
noise-free signal.
 The process involves capturing the input signal (which contains both the desired
signal and the noise) using a microphone or sensor.
 An adaptive filter algorithm is then used to estimate the noise component of the
signal.
 The estimated noise component is subtracted from the input signal to produce the
desired, noise-free signal.
 The adaptive filter algorithm continuously updates its filter coefficients based on
the input signal and the estimated noise component, allowing it to adapt to
changes in the noise characteristics and achieve a high level of noise reduction.
 Noise cancellation is used in a wide range of applications, including
telecommunications, audio and speech processing, image and video processing,
and control systems.