ORGANIC

PRODUCTION OF
MEDICINAL AND
AROMATIC CROPS IN
ANDHRA PRADESH
SOME MEDICINAL CROPS IN
ANDHRA PRADESH
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME

Amla Phylanthus embilica

Senna Cassia angustifolia

Long pepper Piper longnum

Indian sandalwood Santalum album

ORGANIC PRODUTION
OF AMLA
 Introduction

 Amla (Emblica officinalis) is very

hardy, prolific bearer and highly
remunerative even without much after
care. Amla is the richest known natural
source of vitamin. Its juice contains 20
times as much vitamin C as orange
juice. Amla is known for its
pharmaceutical properties.
•It is a wonder herb and one of the precious
gifts of nature to man. It is the best of all
acid fruits and most useful for health and
body rejuvenation and prevents aging. 
•It is largely cultivated in Uttar Pradesh
(Azamgarh, Pratapgarh, Varanasi and
Barelli districts), Gujarat, Maharashtra and
Karnataka. 
•Amla cultivation is also spreading rapidly
in the semiarid regions of Andhra Pradesh,
Karnataka,Tamil nadu
Uses
The use of amla in such ayurvedic
preparations as Chyavanprash, Triphala
and Ashokrishta is age-old. The fruits can
be made into preserves, sauce, dried chips,
tablets, jellies, pickles, toffee, powder etc.
It is also used in pharmaceutical and
cosmetic products such as hair oil,
shampoos, chavanprash, etc. The ascorbic
acid and other constituents are well
retained even in dried form of amla fruits.
 Varieties
•The important varieties are -

•Banarasi,chakaiya,francis,NA-
4(Krishna)NA-5(kanchan),NA-6,NA-7,NA-
10,BSR-1,Anand 1,2,3, etc. of which Banarasi
is the most important variety for
commercial purpose.
Climate

• It is sub-tropical but can be cultivated

successfully in tropical climate as well.
The plant is not very much influenced
either by hot wind or frost. The mature
trees can tolerate temperature as high as
46 degree celsius.  Even mild frost during
the winter months can be injurious to
tree. 
•Though it can bear temperature upto 46
degree celsius during summer months,
but the temperature should not be high
at the time of flowering.  

•Ample humidity is essential for

initiation of fruit growth of dormant
fruitlets during July –August.  Dry spells
result in heavy dropping and delay in
initiation of fruit growth.             
Soil
Amla can be cultivated in marginal soils –
slightly acidic to saline/sodic (pH 6.5-9.5)
conditions.  Heavy soils or high water
table areas are not suited for cultivation.
The tree could be raised even on marginal
lands and is capable of withstanding
adverse conditions. Amla can be grown in
light as well as heavy soils, however, well
drained fertile soils are preferred.
Land preparation

 The fields should be deeply ploughed,

  

harrowed and leveled. The pits above

1metre cube should be dug during the
month of May-June at appropriate
distance and after 15-20 days of exposure
to sun are filled with surface soils mixed
with 10 to 15 kg of decomposed farm yard
manure.
 Propagation
•Shield budding is commercially followed
for propagation. 
 
It can also be propagated through patch/
 

modified ring budding in India during

mid May to September with 60-100%
success. Considering the efficiency and
requirement of single bud, budding is an
ideal method of propagation. 
Spacing and Plant Population

• Pits of about 0.75 cum should be dug

during May-June at a distance of
7mx7m accommodating 204 plants in
one ha.
Irrigation
Young plants require watering during
 

summer months at 15 days interval till

they are fully established. Watering of
bearing plants is advised during summer
months at bi weekly interval. After the
monsoon rains ,during October-
December about 25-30 litres of water per
day per tree through drip irrigation should
be given.
The schedule can be done as follows

•Plants up to 2 years of age -at 10 days

interval
•Plants up to 4 years of age -at 15 days
interval.
•Plants after 4 years of age -at 20 days
interval.
 Plant Protection

There are no major pests and diseases

 

affecting amla. The major ones are bark

eating caterpillar among pests and amla
rust among the diseases. Spraying with
neem oil and some herbal preparations is
recommended.
Harvesting
•Vegetative propagated plants attain full
bearing within 10-12 years and may
continue to bear for 60-75 years of age
under well managed conditions.
•A budded/grafted amla tree starts
bearing third year onwards after
planting, whereas a seedlings tree may
take 6-8 years. 
 Yield
A full grown amla plant can yield up to
• 

200 kg fruits per year. The productivity

levels could touch a high of 20 MT per ha
from the seventh year of planting.
Average yield can be around 100 kg per
tree.
SOME AROMATIC CROPS IN
ANDHRA PRADESH
COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME USEFUL PART
Lemon grass Cymbopogan flexuosus Oil
Tulsi Ocimum sanctum Leaf , Seed
Jasmine Jasminum grandiflorum Leaf , Flower , Plant
ORGANIC
PRODUCTION OF
JASMINE
Introduction
•Jasmines are native of tropical and
subtropical regions and introduced in the
mid sixteenth century
•Jasmine blossoms have been in use in
India, China and countries of mystic
orient for ceremonial purpose, as
religious offerings and for perfuming the
hair oils, etc.
Species
Among the large number of species
existing, only three species have attained
importance in commercial cultivation.
They are as follows-
1. Jasminum auriculatum - Mulla
2. Jasminum grandiflorum- Jathimalli (or)
Pitchi (or) Spanish jasmine
3. Jasminum sambac - Gundumalli /
Malligai / Arabian jasmine /Tuscan
jasmine
Uses
•Flowers and buds are used for making
garlands, bouquets, veni for religious
offerings.
• They are also used for the production of
perfumed hair oils and attar.
Climate

The ideal conditions for their successful

cultivation are warm summer and mild
winter. Jasminum spp. is usually grown
in the open field for commercial flower
production. The Cool house species
should be kept in a temperature of 45-
55º F (7-13º C). J. grandiflorum and J.
sambac are sensitive to frost.
Soil

•Jasmine prefers well drained rich sandy

loam to clay soil.
• Jasminum species are usually grown in
the open for commercial flower
production.
Preparation of field
•Land with proper drainage, irrigation
facilities and sunny location are
essential.
•Pits of 45 cm3 are dug at least one
month before planting and exposed to
sunlight. A few days before planting,
pits are filled with 2 parts of FYM and
one part each of fresh earth and coarse
sand.
Propagation
Jasmine can be propagated by cuttings,
layering, sucker, grafting, budding and
tissue culture.
• J. auriculatum - Semi hard wood
cuttings
•J. grandiflorum - Terminal cuttings
•J. sambac -Terminal and semi
hardwood cuttings.
Plant Spacing, Density,Season

SPECIES SPACING DENSITY(plants/ SEASON

ha)
J.auriculatum 1.5x1.5 m 4400 June-November
J.grandiflorum 2.0x1.5 m 3350 June-November
J.sambac 1.25x1.25 m 6400 June-November
Irrigation

• Flooding once in a week or once in ten

days depending on the soil and
climatic conditions.
 Weeding
• Commonly done manually but is
expensive.
• Chemical weed control is effective and
economical.
• Spraying Oryzalin 1 or 2 applications is
effective.
• Mulching also reduce weed population
Harvesting

• The stage of harvest depends on the

purpose of flowers to be harvested.

• For fresh flowers, fully developed

unopened flower buds are picked in
the early morning, while for extraction
of concrete only fully opened fresh
picked flowers are required.
 Yield
SPECIES FLOWERS YIELD CONCRETE RECOVERY
(Kg/ha) (%)
J.auriculatum 4733 to 9152 0.28 to 0.36
J.grandiflorum 739 to 8129 0.14 to 0.19
J.sambac 4329 to 10144 0.25 to 0.32