Removable Dental Prosthesis Designing

Prepared by: Dr. Amal

Guided by: Dr. Abdul Razak
Approved by: Dr. Arya
Dr. Haseena
Dept. Of Prosthodontics
 Introduction
• Removable partial dentures by design are intended to be
placed into and removed from the mouth.
• It is important for clinicians who provide removable partial
denture service to understand the possible movements in
response to function and to be able to logically design the
component parts of the removable partial denture to help
control these movements

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's Removable

Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
Classification of partial edentulism

Mauk's
Neurohr's classificatio
classification n in 1941
Bailyn’s in 1939
classification
in 1928
Kennedy’s
classificatio
n in 1923
Cummer’
s system
in 1920

Ahila S C, Suganya S, Muthukumar B. Critical analysis of classification system of partially

edentulous spaces: A literature review.Indian J Multidiscip Dent 2019;9:49-57
 Kennedy’s classification

Applegate-
Kennedy
classification
(1960)

Ahila S C, Suganya S, Muthukumar B. Critical analysis of classification system of partially

edentulous spaces: A literature review.Indian J Multidiscip Dent 2019;9:49-57
 Planes and axes

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Movement of prostheses
• Sagittal plane and transverse axis

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Horizontal plane and vertical axis

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Frontal plane and sagittal axis

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Types of prosthesis

Tooth
supported
prostheses

Tooth- tissue
supported
prostheses
Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Tooth supported prostheses

• Occlusal loading of
the removable partial
denture transmits
stress down the long
axes of the abutments

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Tooth- tissue supported prostheses

Off- axis abutment loading in Off- axis abutment loading in

Class I results in distal Class IV results in mesial
tipping tipping

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Lever and inclined plane action

Inclined plane Lever action

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Three classes of lever

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's Removable

Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 Philosophy of design

Stress Physiologic Broad stress

equilization basing distribution

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Stress equilization
Advantages
• Minimal direct retention
• Forces are equally
distributed
• Used with intracoronal
attachments
• Limited bone resorption

Disadvantages
• Comparatively fragile
and costly
• Require constant
maintenance

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Physiologic basing
Advantages
• Stimulating effect on
underlying tissue
• Simplicity in design and
construction
• Reduced stresses on
abutment tooth

Disadvantages
• Not well stabilized against
lateral forces.
• Premature contacts.

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Broad stress distribution
Advantages
• Excellent horizontal
stabilization.
• Removable splinting.
• Easier and less expensive to
construct.
• Less danger of distortion and
breakage of denture.

Disadvantages
• Less comfortable.
• Requires good maintenance
and oral hygiene.
Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Steps in RDP designing
Support
Guiding
planes and
Retention minor
bases conector
Major
connectors
Direct
retainer
Indirect
retainer

Mosharraf R. A systematic method for designing removable partial denture framework. J

Indian Prosthodont Soc 2008;8:192-4
 Support for partial denture

Tooth support Tooth- tissue support

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's Removable

Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 Rests and saddle

Primary
Occlusal Lingual Incisal rest

Auxiliary
Interproximal Internal rest/
indirect
retainer

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's Removable

Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 Design of occlusal rest

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Lingual and incisal rests

Lingual rest Incisal rest

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Rests on restorations

• They should be placed in the wax

pattern.
• Most ideal way of getting positive
support.
• Indicated in -
-rotated/inclined tooth
-mandibular bicuspid with
rudimentary cusp
-abraded tooth

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics.
St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 Position and number of rests

Quadrilateral Tripodal configuration Bilateral configuration

configuration

• Rests should be placed adjacent to the edentulous space(s)

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Guiding planes
Definition
• Two or more parallel, vertical
surfaces of abutment teeth, so shaped
to direct a prosthesis during
placement and removal.
Forms of guiding planes
• Body of an extracoronal direct retainer
• Stabilizing arm of a direct retainer
• Minor connector of an indirect retainer
• Minor connector specifically designed
2-4
1/3 mm

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby,
2011.
 Minor connectors
• All minor connectors that
contact vertical tooth surfaces
act as stabilizing components
• Buccolingually- broad
• Mesiodistally- thin
• Junctions of major and minor
connectors should be gently
curved- prevent stress
concentration

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Retention bases
• Open construction
• Mesh construction
• Bead, wire, or nailhead
components on a metal base
Extent of minor connector in maxilla and
mandible

Mesh construction Bead component

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Major connectors

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Maxillary major connectors

Single palatal strap Anterior-posterior palatal strap Palatal plate

U-shaped Single palatal bar Anterior-posterior palatal bar

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's
Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
Designing of maxillary major connector
Outline of primary Selection of
bearing areas
connector type sed
Outline of nonbearing on:
areas
• mouth comfort
Outline of connector • rigidity
areas • location of
denture bases
Selection of connector
• indirect retention
type

Unification

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's Removable

 Mandibular major connectors

Lingual bar Linguoplate Sublingual bar

Lingual bar with Cingulum bar Labial bar

continuous bar Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's
Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
Designing of mandibular major connector
Outline the basal seat
areas on the
diagnostic cast

Outline the inferior

border of the major
connector

Outline the superior

border of the major
connector

Connect the basal

seat area to rest of the
components

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's

Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 Direct retainers
Any unit of
removable dental
prosthesis that
engages an abutment
tooth in such a
manner as to resist
displacement of the
prosthesis away from
basal seat tissue.
Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's
Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 Suprabulge and infrabulge direct retainers

• Prothero’s cone theory- Height Suprabulge and infrabulge

of contour locations on tooth

suprabulge clasp infrabulge clasp

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Suprabulge/ circumferential direct retainers

Simple circlet clasp Reverse circlet clasp

C-clasp

Embrasure clasp Onlay clasp

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Infrabulge/ bar type direct retainers

T-clasp,
T-clasp(b) Modified T-clasp
modified T-clasp,
and (c) I-clasp

I-clasp

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Parts of a clasp assembly

A. rest
B. retentive clasp
C. reciprocal element
D. minor connectors

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Function and position of each component

Reciprocation

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's

Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 Encirclement of clasp

0 360
• Prevents escape of tooth
away from the clasp
90 270
A. Circumferential clasp
B. Bar clasp
180

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's

Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 Indirect retainer
• Fulcrum line: A theoretical line
around which a removable
partial denture tends to rotate

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's

Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 Indirect retainer

• The framework component that

resists rotational displacement of
an extension base away from the
supporting tissues is called an
indirect retainer

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Forms of indirect retainers
• Auxiliary occlusal rest
• Canine rest
• Canine extension from occlusal
rest
• Cingulum bars

Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's

Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
 • Relief areas

Red Color coding

• Recontouring
• Rests
• Denotes action

• To note information on base of cast

Black • Survey lines

Blue
• Acrylic portion of RDP

Brown
• Metallic portions of RDP

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Color coding

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
 Color coding

Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth L. Stewart. Stewart's
Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
Examples of systemic approach to design
Class I design
Class II design
Class III design
Class IV
Removable Dental Prosthesis - A Summary

Mosharraf R. A systematic method for designing removable partial denture framework. J

Indian Prosthodont Soc 2008;8:192-4
 Conclusion
• Design considerations depend on a variety of factors
• Designing of removable dental prosthesis changes with respect to
each form of kennedy’s classification and has to be designed logically

Mosharraf R. A systematic method for designing removable partial denture framework. J

Indian Prosthodont Soc 2008;8:192-4
 References
• Mosharraf R. A systematic method for designing removable partial
denture framework. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2008;8:192-4
• Carr, Alan B., David T. Brown, and William L. McCracken. McCracken's
Removable Partial Prosthodontics. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Mosby, 2011.
• Phoenix, Rodney D., David R. Cagna, Charles F. DeFreest, and Kenneth
L. Stewart. Stewart's Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics. Hanover
Park, IL: Quintessence Pub, 2008.
• Ahila S C, Suganya S, Muthukumar B. Critical analysis of classification
system of partially edentulous spaces: A literature review.Indian J
Multidiscip Dent 2019;9:49-57
 Cross references
• Kratochvil et al influence of occlusal rest position and clasp design on
movement of abutment teeth J Prosthet Dent 1963:13;114
• John W.McCartney effect of location of rest and movement of
abutment tooth J Prosthet Dent 1980:43:15
• David N Firtell reaction of anterior abutment of kennedy classII
removable partial denture to various clasp arm designs J Prosthet
Dent 1985:53;77
• Richard P Frank direct retainers for distal extension removable partial
dentures J Prosthet dent 1986:56;562
• Next seminar: Development of alveolar process by Dr. Gopika G on
3/1/2022