AROMATIC

RICE
PRESENTING BY:

 ZULNORAIN AKHBAR

 SYEDA NABEELA ZAINAB

 MUSKAN SHAHID
 CONTENT
INTRODUCTION

DEVELOPMENT AND VARIETIES OF AROMATIC RICE

CONSUMPTIONS AND DEMAND | IMPORTANCE

AROMATIC RICE

INSECTS OF AROMATIC RICE

BREEDING STRATEGIES

GENETIC ENGINEERING

Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
• Aromatic rice belongs to a small but important sub-group of rice, which
is highly regarded for its excellent aroma and superior grain quality.
• Aromatic rice, especially Basmati- and Jasmine-type rice, is being
traded at a high price in the local and global markets
• Aromatic rice is cultivated in every rice growing country and one of the
major type of rice; with each country has its own indigenous collection.
• International trade of rice is dominated by Indica (long grained),
Japonica (short grained), aromatic rice (Basmati and Jasmine) and
glutinous rice; amidst which, Basmati types from India and Pakistan;
and Jasmine types from Thailand have phenomenal demand.
• Genetic studies reveal that aroma is controlled by a single
recessive gene (fgr) while molecular studies have uncovered the
underlying candidate gene as betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
(Badh2).
• Among the different groups of aromatic rice varieties ‘Basmati’
from the Indian subcontinent and ‘Jasmine’ from Thailand
occupy prime position in the international market.
• The aromatic rice are found to have originated from the Indian
subcontinent by hybridization between a local and wild
population as revealed by the genome-wide diversity analysis.
 Developments and Varieties
• The very first approved aromatic variety

• The economic revolution in rice varieties

• Mushkan-7 and Mushkan-41

• Development Of High Yielding Aromatic Rice Varieties.

• Results of cross breeding in Varieties.

Consumption and Demand
• Aromatic Rice Preference In Different Countries.

• Prominent Aromatic Rice In The World

• Rice Consumption through out the world.

• Rice are the source to great nutrition and health

towards human health‫۔‬
Statistical Data of Aromatic Rice Yield
In Pakistan Year Area

(000 Hectare)
Production

(000 Tons)
Yield

(Kg / Hectare)
2005-2006 2621 5547 2116

2006-2007 2581 5438 2107

• When it comes to growing Basmati rice, 2007-2008 2515 5563 2212

Punjab is responsible for 80% of the global 2008-2009 2963 6952 2346

total. Exports account for one-third of 2009-2010 2883 6883 2387

2010-2011 2365 4823 2039

Pakistan's aromatic rice output, while domestic 2011-2012 2571 6160 2396
consumption accounts for the other two-thirds. 2012-2013 2309 5536 2398

2013-2014 2789 6798 2437

• The Following chart shows the data of area and 2014-2015 2891 7003 2891
production with their following yield in 2015-2016 2739 6801 2739

Pakistan. 2016-2017 2724 6849 3770

2017-2018 2,901 7,450 3850
2018-2019 2,810 7,202 3840
2019-2020 3,034 7,414 3670
2020-2021 3,335 8,420 3790
2021-2022 3,537 9,100 3860
 Importance Of Aromatic Rice
• Aromatic rice provides most benefits of health and nutrition.

• These are considered healthier as they possess more vitamin and fiber in
their outer bran layers.

• Brown aromatic basmati rice contains 20% more fiber than brown rice
varieties, which prevents the formation of cancerous cells in the body.
 Benefits and Uses
• High Iron Levels: Aromatic rice (Jasmine rice) includes a lot of iron and
may assist with creating red blood cells in the body.
• Good Source Of Energy: Carbohydrates provide the energy. The
consumption of rice has been linked to a reduction in cholesterol, blood
pressure, and fat storage.
• Prevents Cardiovascular Diseases: it may aid in preventing heart disease.
As a result, you'll have less of a chance of developing major cardiac
problems.
• Healthy eating is one of several cancer-fighting methods. Fiber-rich rice may
reduce cancer risk.
Insects and Pest
• Many of the more than 800 bug species known to cause damage
to rice are very minor pests. Insect pests that feast on aromatic
rice are the same as those that plague non-aromatic rice in a
given region.
• Termites: Upland rice is vulnerable to termites, The termites'
worker caste feeds first on rice roots, then bores through the
stem.
• Cricket: Upland-rained rice is especially susceptible to damage
from mole crickets.
• Rice Root Weevil: In areas with clay and heavy loam soils, the
grubs of rice root weevil, feed on the roots and rootlets of rice
plants during the tilling stage.
• Stem Borers
• Rice hispa: The adults and grubs of this pest eat rice. Leaf spots
are caused by grubs mining the leaves
AROMATIC RICE DISEASES
• Brown Spot Symptoms: Due to its prevalence in unfertilized fields. The administration uses
fertilizers in accordance with the suggested frequency and amount.

• Causes and Effects of Leaf Scale: At maturity, symptoms manifest as yellowing of the leaf
tips and edges, alternating with green.

• Sheath Blight Symptoms: Leaves sheaths develop spots or sores.

 Most Effective Control Measures
Practices
Most rice diseases are manageable. The four most important techniques for controlling rice diseases are:

• Selecting Resistant Varieties: All or almost all rice types are susceptible to some illness. However, the
resistance levels of modern types tend to be greater. Growers should choose varieties based on local yield
experiments and the varieties' ability to withstand significant local illnesses. 
• Plants Grow Better in Warm Soil: Rice diseases are more severe when the soil is chilly and damp
around the seed and seedling.
• Treatments for Plant Fungus: Rice sprayed with foliar fungicide at the optimal period may prevent
disease with greater efficiency. Fungicide treatment of the seed before sowing is recommended.
• Crop Rotation
 BREEDING STRATEGIES

• Breeding for aromatic rice varieties is a complex task which is attributed to its quality traits. In a
study three reasons which adversely affect the aromatic rice breeding programs.
• Number of breeding objectives are more;
• Lack of equipment to measure grain quality
• Selection indices are not well defined.
 Why Breeding Is Complicated?
• The scenario of increasing population; increasing yield become the prime objective of any varietal
development program; accordingly less emphasis is made on quality rice (aromatic rice).
• Aromatic rice and Indica varieties belong to two different groups; hybridization between them is
incompatible resulting into hybrid sterility.
• Environmental factors viz., climate, soil, temperature; and cultural practices affect the grain quality of
aromatic rice.
 Pure-line Selection
• Pure line selection is oldest breeding method used in development of new aromatic rice
varieties.

• Breeding for Basmati rice started with pureline selection in 1920’s at two research stations; Kala
Shah Kaku (Punjab state, now in Pakistan) and Nagina (Uttar Pradesh, India).

• The very first Basmati variety Basmati-370 was developed through pure line selection in 1933,
at Kala Shah Kaku Research station by Late Sardar Mohammad. Few other Basmati varieties
developed at these two research station were Basmati-217, Type-3, Type-23, N-10-B, N-12,
Muskan, Begumi and Hansraj 
 Hybridization
• It is a very common breeding method utilized in development of a crop variety.

• In Aromatic rice, hybridization program is followed via Pedigree selection, Bulk Method, and
Convergent Breeding to develop new varieties.

• Introduction of dwarfing gene and development of hybridization techniques in 1960s,

augmented the Basmati development program.
 Mutation Breeding
• Mutation breeding is a useful method to produce genetic variability in crop.
• In aromatic rice, changes in the gene structure can be randomly caused by rupturing the DNA
through physical or chemical agents.
• Some cultures developed from gamma ray–induced mutations of Basmati.
• Traditional types like Type-9, NP-49, and T412 are more likely to have some success with this
method.
IN VITRO
CULTURE
In vitro culture is being
applied for the growth
and development of rice
plant cells, tissues, and
organs that use a
nutritive culture
medium under
controlled sterilized
conditions.
IMPORTANCE
OF IN VITRO
CULTURE
The production of
aromatic rice in vitro
culture
 Disease-free
 High quality planting
material
 The rapid
production.
 Work In Laboratory
1. The in vitro work is carried out in a test tube, dish, or flask, outside the living
organisms.
2. 2. The tissue is grown in a suitable nutrient medium.
3. 3.Tissue are grow outside the plant organism from which tissue has been taken.
Genetic Engineering in Aromatic Rice

• What are Transgenic rice?

• Rice plants are regenerated from transformed cells and progenies and tested for the desirable
agronomic trait(s) (eg. stem borer resistance).

• Main use of doing genetic diversification is to control stem borers.

Future Prospects of Aromatic Rice
• Each year, there is a rise in both local and foreign demand. The cultivation of Basmati rice is rapidly
expanding into previously unreached regions.

• The physical quality of Basmati rice.

• Today, there is a movement toward organically growing modern cultivars since they require fewer
external inputs.

• The domestic & global markets for organically cultivated Basmati rice are vast.  

• The Popularity of rice has spread to continents.

Conclusion
Aroma in rice is a key quality trait determining its acceptability and marketability. 2AP has gained major
importance among other volatiles as the primary compound for aroma. Aroma compound is encoded by
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (badh2) gene also called fragrance (fgr) gene which is located on
chromosome 8 and the level of aroma depends on this gene caused by mutation in badh2 of 8 bp deletion
and 3 SNPs.

The new technologies seems to be an attractive strategy to overcome the number of years required for
developing desired genotypes and also to overcome the problems due to linkage drag. It will accelerate
the cultivation of new aromatic rice varieties with high quality, yield and multiple resistance.
ANY QUESTION?
Thank You!