Trigonometry

Objective: In the end of the lesson, student will be able to

find the 6 trigonometric functions of an angle.

Trigonometry is concerned with the

connection between the sides and
angles in any right angled triangle.

Angle
The sides of a right -angled triangle are
given special names:
hypotenuse, the opposite and the adjacent.
The hypotenuse is the longest side and is
always opposite the right angle.
The opposite and adjacent sides refer to
another angle, other than the 90o.

A
 The Trigonometric
Functions we will be
looking at
SINE
COSINE

TANGENT
 The Trigonometric
Functions we will be
looking at

COSECANT
SECANT
COTANGENT
The Trigonometric
Functions

SINE
COSINE

TANGENT
 SINE

Pronounced
“sign”
 COSINE

Pronounced
“co-sign”
TANGENT

Pronounced
“tan-gent”
COSECANT

Pronounced
“co-secant”
 SECANT

Pronounced
“secant”
COTANGENT
Pronounced as
“co-tangent”
 Greek Letter

Pronounced
“theta”

Represents an unknown
angle
 Opp
Sin  
Hyp
hypotenuse
hypotenuse
opposite
opposit
Adj
Cos  
Hyp

Opp adjacent
Tan  
Adj
 hyp
csc  
opp

hyp
sec  
adj

adj
cot  
opp
 We need a way
to remember all
of these ratios…
SOHCAHTOA Sin
Opp
Hyp
Cos
Adj
Hyp
Tan
Opp
Old Adj
CHOSHACAO CSC
Hyp
Opp
Sec
Hyp
Adj
Cot
Adj
Old Opp
The angle is in standard position if…

the initial ray is in the positive x-axis.

Definition: Unit Circle is a circle
where in the center is at the origin
and the radios is 1 unit.

Definition: Terminal point is the

point of intersection between the
terminal ray and the unit circle.
Example 1 – Evaluating
Trigonometric Functions

 Use the triangle in Figure 4.25 to find the exact values of the
six trigonometric functions of .

Figure 4.25
Example 1 – Solution cont’d

 By the Pythagorean Theorem,(hyp)2 = (opp)2 + (adj)2,

it follows that

 hyp =

 =

 = 5.
Example 1 – Solution cont’d

 So, the six trigonometric functions of  are

The Six Trigonometric
Functions

 That is, if  is an acute angle, then the following relationships

are true.

 sin(90  –  ) = cos  cos(90  –  ) = sin 

 tan(90  –  ) = cot  cot(90  –  ) = tan 

 sec(90  –  ) = csc  csc(90  –  ) = sec 

Example: Find the 6 trigonometric
functions of the following angles:

1.  900 4.  1800

2.  270 0 5.  300

3.  360 0 6.  450

Solution :
The Six Trigonometric
Functions

 In the box, note that sin 30  = = cos 60 . This occurs

because 30  and 60  are complementary angles, and, in
general, it can be shown from the right triangle definitions that
cofunctions of complementary angles are equal.
Definition: Reference angle is the
acute angle formed by the terminal
ray and the x-axis.
Example: Find the 6 trigonometric
functions of the following angles:

1.  2250

2.  2100

3.  3000

4.  3150

Hint: Study in advance about

reference angle.