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  • Sinus and Fistula

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    Sadia Trisha
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    Sinuses and fistulas are abnormal tracts lined with unhealthy tissue that connect epithelial or endothelial surfaces. Sinuses have one open end while fistulas connect two surfaces. They can be congenital such as branchial sinuses or acquired through conditions like tuberculosis. Factors that cause persistence include obstruction, foreign bodies, epithelialization, high pressure, and malnutrition. Clinical features include discharge, pain, and granulation tissue. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging like MRI, and culture of discharge. Treatment involves assessing the cause, antibiotics, removing obstructions, and procedures like excision, fistulotomy, or use of setons and flaps.

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    Sinuses and fistulas are abnormal tracts lined with unhealthy tissue that connect epithelial or endothelial surfaces. Sinuses have one open end while fistulas connect two surfaces. They can be congenital such as branchial sinuses or acquired through conditions like tuberculosis. Factors that cause persistence include obstruction, foreign bodies, epithelialization, high pressure, and malnutrition. Clinical features include discharge, pain, and granulation tissue. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging like MRI, and culture of discharge. Treatment involves assessing the cause, antibiotics, removing obstructions, and procedures like excision, fistulotomy, or use of setons and flaps.

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    10 views7 pages

    Sinus and Fistula

    Uploaded by

    Sadia Trisha
    Sinuses and fistulas are abnormal tracts lined with unhealthy tissue that connect epithelial or endothelial surfaces. Sinuses have one open end while fistulas connect two surfaces. They can be congenital such as branchial sinuses or acquired through conditions like tuberculosis. Factors that cause persistence include obstruction, foreign bodies, epithelialization, high pressure, and malnutrition. Clinical features include discharge, pain, and granulation tissue. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging like MRI, and culture of discharge. Treatment involves assessing the cause, antibiotics, removing obstructions, and procedures like excision, fistulotomy, or use of setons and flaps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 7

    Sinus

    Definition: Sinus is a blind tract lined by


    unhealthy granulation tissue extending from
    one epithelial or endothelial surface to
    surrounding tissue or structure.
    Examples: Pre auricular sinus, Branchial sinus,
    perianal sinus, Pilonidal sinus.
    Fistula

    Definition of fistula: It is an abnormal


    communication between two epithelial or
    endothelial surface or one epithelial and
    another endothelial surface lined by
    unhealthy granulation tissue.
    Examples: Branchial fistula, Thyroglossal
    fistula, fistula in ano, Arterio-venous fistula
    Classification
    Sinus Fistula
    A. Congenital A. Congenital
    Preauricular, Branchial Branchial fistula,
    sinus tracheo-oesophageal fistula,
    B. Acquired Thyroglossal fistula
    Tuberular sinus, Pilonidal B. Acquired
    sinus, chronic osteomyelitis, Traumatic-VVF
    perianal sinus Inflammatory-
    Tubercular, fistula in ano
    Malignant-tracheo-
    oesophageal fistula
    Factors causing persistent of sinus &
    fistula

    Distal obstruction
    Foreign body
    Epithelialization of tract
    High intraluminal pressure
    Malignancy
    Irradiation
    Chronic disease like TB
    Malnutrition
    Immunodeficiency
    Clinical features

    From birth
    H/O spontaneous burst of abscess, trauma or
    surgery
    Discharge
    Pain
    Sprouting granulation tissue at mouth
    Redness
    Induration
    Dignosis of sinus & fistula
    Mostly clinical
    CBC, RBS
    Discharge for c/s study
    X-ray local part
    MRI of local part
    Sinogram or fistulogram
    Biopsy
    Treatment
    Accurate assessment
    Observation
    Antibiotics according to c/s study
    Removal of FB and distal obstruction
    Excision and biopsy
    Fistulectomy
    Fistulotomy
    Use of Setons
    Advancement flap
    Use of biological agent, fibrin glue.

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