Session 2

COMMON PRACTICES ON
IDENTIFYING AND FORMULATING
ACTION RESEARCH PROBLEM

MICHAELO B. RESOHENTO
 SESSION OBJECTIVES
1 3

To know the importance of To formulate action research

an action research problem
problem

4
2
To identify action research To relate to the common
problem problems met inside the
classroom
 PRETEST

TRUE OR FALSE

1.There is only 1 format in writing a research problem.

2. Action research problem should be broad and wide in

scope so that it would have more contents.
3. Personal and practical experiences are not sources
of ideas in identifying and formulating action research problems.

4. Test results of students can be a source of research problem

5. Selection of research area is the first step in formulating

your research problem
Answers:

1. False
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True
1. What is a research problem?

2. How do you identify and formulate

your research problem?

3. What are the common practices in

identifying and formulating research

problem?
 •  A research problem is a
question that researcher
wants to answer.

A research problem • According to Kerlinger, A

problem is an interrogative
is . . .
sentence or statement that
asks what relation exists
between two or more
variable.
 • R.S. Woodworth defines a
research problem as an area of
concern where there is a gap in
the knowledge base needed for
professional practices.

A research problem
• According to McCombes (2020), a
is . . . research problem is a specific
issue, difficulty, contradiction, or
gap in knowledge that you will
aim to address in your research.
 What is the purpose of a research problem?
.

1.Introduce the reader to the importance of the topic

being studied.

2. Places the problem into a particular context that

defines the parameters of what is to be investigated.

3. Provides the framework for reporting the results and

indicates what is probably necessary to conduct the
study and explain how the findings will present this
information.
SOURCES OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

1. Personal & Practical experience

2. Critical appraisal of literature.

3. Document evaluation
 PERSONAL & PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE

• Day to day experience of the researcher/ teacher.

• Practical experience provides teachers ample opportunities for

problem identification.

• Can also be done through interviews and testimonies.

CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF LITERATURE

• When one looks at books, articles, summaries of classroom issues

relating to the subject of interest, pertinent questions may arise.

• These may strike the reader’s mind by stimulating imagination

and directly support the additional research needed.

CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF LITERATURE

• Example: PISA ( Program for International Student Assessment)

evaluation

• The Philippines ranked in the low 70s in the 2018 Program for

International Student Assessment (PISA), placing 79th in reading.

DOCUMENT EVALUATION

• Can be done with use of class records, attendance sheets,

results of formative and summative tests, pretest or
posttest and actual performance of students.
 STEPS IN FORMULATING THE ACTION RESEARCH
PROBLEM 
SELECTION OF
1 CONDUCT PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS
RESEARCH AREAS
INTERNET, BOOKS, OR INTERVIEW
REVIEWING FROM AN EXPERIENCED OR MASTER
2
LITERATURE TEACHER
AFTER THE PROBLEM TREE ANALYSIS,
DELIMITING
3 RESEARCHER CAN DECIDE THE SPECIFIC
RESEARCH TOPIC AND ROOT PROBLEM.

EVALUATING THE AFTER THE DELIMITING, RESEARCHER

4 RESEARCH CAN EVALUATE THE SIGNIFICANCE,
PROBLEM RELEVANCE AND FEASIBILITY OF THE
STUDY.
FORMULATING THE
5 FORMULATES THE FINAL
FINAL STATEMENT
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
OF THE PROBLEM
 • Declarative Format
2 Types Of Research
problem Formats • Interrogative format
Declarative Format

Example:

This research determines the effectiveness of Open

Educational Resources in English for Grade four
learners in Sandayao Elementary School, Division of
Guihulngan City for the school year 2020-2021.  
Interrogative Format

Example:

How does the use of computers affect the student

writing process in fourth-grade classrooms of
Binobohan Elementary School for the school year
2020-2021? 
RESEARCH TITLE
 • Clear & Concise

• Interesting & Informative

How to write a
• Specific
research title?
• Declarative

• Variables are present

Example

OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES IN ENGLISH

FOR GRADE FOUR LEARNERS: PEDAGOGICAL

SUPPORT
Example

CONTEXTUALIZED SELF-LEARNING MODULE FOR

SCIENCE 6 LEARNERS: ENHANCEMENT INTERVENTION
Activity
Direction: Read and understand the situation carefully.
Develop your own working title based on the situation.

Mr. Cruz discovers in his assessment that 5 of his

learners have poor vocabulary skills. They do not
remember word read previously and take longer to learn
new words. He wants to innovate a Word Game that aims
to improve vocabulary of his grade 5 learners.
THANK YOU !
 WORKSHOP

1. Make your own problem tree analysis to formulate

your statement of the problem.

2. Formulate your research title out of your statement

of the problem