Long Jump

Farah al qadah
12B
 Long Jump

The long jump (historically called the broad jump) is a track and field event in which
athletes combine speed, strength and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a
take off point. Along with the triple jump, the two events that measure jumping for
distance as a group are referred to as the "horizontal jumps". This event has a history in
the Ancient Olympic Games and has been a modern Olympic event for men since the first
Olympics in 1896 and for women since 1948.
History
The long jump was part of the pentathlon event in the Olympics in ancient Greece, circa
708 B.C., according to Olympic.org. The other events in the pentathlon were wrestling,
discus and javelin throwing, and running. Competitors used jump weights called halteres
that were made from stone or lead and shaped like telephone receivers. Long jumpers held
the haltere in front of themselves as they jumped into the air, then threw it behind them as
they descended. Halteres were thought to help jumpers achieve longer distances.
Rules

The jumper will have a 40-metre run-up 2 in which to build up speed. The runner can
place two markers along this run-up, in order to provide indicators to themselves on when
to start specific actions for the jump. 2 The jumper must take off from behind the far edge
of the marking board, otherwise the jump is disqualified. The jumper must land in the sand
pit 3. The distance of the long jump will be measured from the far edge of the marking
board to the closest part of the impression to the marking board made as the jumper lands.
3 The long jumper has one minute to complete their jump - since wind affects the distance
achieved, jumpers will wait for a favourable wind, but they must do so while mindful of
the ticking clock. There is the standard limitation on sole thickness (19mm for long jump)
but no restrictions on spikes.
The approach
The objective of the approach is to gradually accelerate to a maximum controlled speed at
takeoff.
Important Factor: Velocity
Take-Off Length: Novice and Intermediate level: 12-19
Stride Elite level: 20-22 Strides
The last two strides
The objective of the last two strides is to prepare the body for takeoff while conserving as
much speed as possible. The penultimate stride is longer than the last stride. The
competitor begins to lower his or her center of gravity to prepare the body for the vertical
impulse. The final stride is shorter because the body is beginning to raise the center of
gravity in preparation for takeoff.
Takeoff
The objective of the takeoff is to create a vertical impulse through the athlete's center of
gravity while maintaining balance and control. This phase is one of the most technical
parts of the long jump. Jumpers must be conscious to place the foot flat on the ground,
because jumping off either the heels or the toes negatively affects the jump. Taking off
from the board heel-first has a braking effect, which decreases velocity and strains the
joints. Jumping off the toes decreases stability, putting the leg at risk of buckling or
collapsing from underneath the jumper. While concentrating on foot placement, the athlete
must also work to maintain proper body position, keeping the torso upright and moving
the hips forward and up to achieve the maximum distance from board contact to foot
release.
Four Main Styles of Take-off
1. Kick - kick style takeoff is where the athlete actively cycles the leg before a full impulse has
been directed into the board then landing into the pit.
2. Double arm- The double-arm style of takeoff works by moving both arms in a vertical
direction as the competitor takes off. This produces a high hip height and a large vertical
impulse.
3. The sprint takeoff – is the style most widely instructed by coaching staff. This is a classic
single-arm action that resembles a jumper in full stride. It is an efficient takeoff style for
maintaining velocity through takeoff.
4. Power Sprint or Bounding Take-Off - The "correct" style of takeoff will vary from athlete to
athlete.
 Training

The long jump generally requires training in a variety of areas. These areas include: speed
work, jumping, over distance running, weight training, plyometric training.