INTAN PUTRI RUSVITA

( 21040056 )
FANNY NABIILAH
( 21040079 )

Material Development
 Definition of Materials development

One of the important factors that can improve the quality of learning is the material that is
developed according to the needs of teachers and students and is properly monitored.

Heinich (1996) classifies the types of teaching materials based on how they work:
1. Teaching materials that are not projected (photos, diagrams, displays, models)
2. Projected teaching materials (slides, filmstrips, transparent overhead, computer
projections)
3. Audio teaching materials (cassettes and compact discs)
4. Video teaching materials (videos and films)
5. Computer media teaching materials (Computer Mediated Instruction, Computer Based
Multimedia / Hypermedia)
 Principles and Procedures in Materials Development
Tomlinson (2011), there are several principles related to material development in language teaching,
namely:
1. Materials should achieve impact
2. Materials should help students feel the easer
3. Materials should help learners develop confidence
4. What is being taught should be perceived as relevant and useful by learners
5. Materials should require and facilitate learner self-investment
6. Learners must be ready to acquire the points being taught
7. Materials should expose learners to language in authentic use
8. The learners attention should be drawn to linguistik features of the input
9. Materials should provide learners with opportunities to use the target language to achieve Communicative
purposes
10. Materials should take account that the positive effects of instruction are usually delayed
11. Materials should take account that learner differ in learning style
12. Materials should take account that learner differ in affective attitude
13. Materials should permit a silent period at the beginning of instruction
14. Materials should maximize learning potential by encouraging intellectual, aesthetic and emotional
involvement which stimulates both right and left brain activities
15. Materials should not really on too much controlled practice
16. Materials should provide opportunities for outcone feedback
1. Analysis
It is necessary to identify students' initial behavior, this is related to their level of mastery and ability in
the field of knowledge that will be given. This relates to the characteristics and demographic data of
students.
2. Design
At this stage, the teacher formulates learning objectives, develops subject concept maps, and
develops an outline of the learning program.
A. Formulation of learning objectives
The components of learning objectives are, audience, behavior, condition, degree.
B. Development of concept maps/competence maps
The teacher can set the topic of the subject and its content. Furthermore, the teacher can use a
variety of teaching resources, then the teacher can create a concept map that will become the basis
for the scope of the description of the subject topics in teaching materials
C. Selection of media and learning resources
The selected media is a tool and a way to facilitate, simplify the student learning process, and make
the learning process more interesting for students.
D. Selection of learning strategies
The teacher designs the order in which the topic is presented, exercises DNA assignments for
students, examples need to be given to clarify the topic, as well as formative and summative
evaluations to measure learning success.
3. Development
At this stage is the stage of developing teaching materials.
Ways to help teachers get started on material development:
1. Write down what is written
2. Don't feel that we have to start in order
3. Write or develop teaching materials
4. Teaching materials must be able to provide learning experiences to students
5. Variety of media
6. Various examples
7. Writing style

4. Evaluation and Revision

Evaluation is a process to obtain various reactions from various parties to the teaching materials
being developed. After an evaluation, improvements must be made so that the final teaching material
is ready to be used in the subject learning process.
To develop teaching materials, there are 5 steps:
8. Analysis phase
9. Design stage
10. Development stage
11. Evaluation stage
12. Based on the comments obtained by each evaluation
THANK YOU!