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Earanatomy 190219150351
Earanatomy 190219150351
by DR NDAYISABA CORNEILLE
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
THREE MAJOR DIVISION OF EAR
• Auricle
External ear • external auditory canal
• eardrum(tympanic mebrane)
• cochlea
Inner ear • Semicircular canal
• vestibule
Its functions
Collects sound
Localization
Resonator
Protection
Sensitive (earlobe)
05/12/2023 Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Pinna(auricle)
membrane
•Lymphatics;drain into parotid group,upper deep
cervical and mastoid lymphnodes
•Veins;dain into into external jugular,common facial vein
•Arteries;posterior auricular branch of external carotid
artery,ant.auricular branch of superficial temporal and a
branch of occipital artery
NERVE SUPLY
(i) Anterior wall and roof: auriculotemporal (V3) supplies anterosuperior wall
of external auditory canal
(ii) Posterior wall and floor: auricular branch of vagus nerve(CNX) supplies to
inferoposterior external auditory canal.
Posterior wall of the auditory canal also receives sensory fibres of cranial N VII
(facial nerve) through auricular branch of vagus.
05/12/2023 Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Eardrum(tympanic membrane)
It is a thin,semitransparent partiton between the external auditory canal and
middle ear.
It has two parts :(a) Pars Tensa:
It forms most of tympanic membrane..
Its periphery is thickened to form a fibro cartilaginous ring called the
annulus tympanicus which fits in the tympanic sulcus.
The central part is tented inwards at the level of the tip of malleus and is
called the umbo.
(b) Pars Flaccida (Shrapnel's Membrane)
• This is situated above the lateral process of malleus between the notch of
Rivinus and the anterior and posterior malleolar folds.
It has three layers:
(i) Outer epithelial layer, which is continuous with the skin lining the
meatus. no hairs and glands
(ii) Middle fibrous layer, which encloses the handle of malleus and has three
types of fibres-the radial, circular and the parabolic.
(iii) Inner mucosal layer, which is continuous with the mucosa of the middle
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ear
Tympanic membrane
1. Malleus 2,6
2. Anterior mallear fold
3. Post mallear fold
4. Pars flaccida
5. projection of long process of incus.
6. Pars tensa
7. Annular ligament.
NERVE SUPPLY
(i) Anterior half of lateral surface:
auriculotemporal(V 3)
(ii) Posterior half of lateral surface: auricular
branch of vagus nerve (CN X) (Arnold’s nerve)
(iii) Medial surface: Tympanic branch of CN
IX glossopharyngeal nerve (Jacobson's nerve).
Auditory(eustachian)tube(eq
ualizes pressure on both sides
of the tympanic membrane
It is divided into:
I.Mesotympanum(lying opposite to parsa tensa).
II.Epitmpanum or attic( lying above parsa tensa but
medial to shrapnell’s membrane and the bony lateral
attic wall)
III.
Hypotympanum( lying below the level of parca
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tensa). Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
Middle ear cleft
Floor (Jugular wall):is also thin plate of bone which separates tympanic cavity from the
jagular bulb
Anterior (Carotid wall):has a thin plate of bone which separates the cavity from internal
carotid artery. has following features: Eustachian tube, Canal of tensor tympani muscle,
venous Drainage
Veins from the middle ear cleft drain into pterygoid venous plexus, superior
petrosal sinus and sigmoid sinus
The lymphatics of middle ear drain into retropharyngeal and parotid nodes.
Eustachian tube lymphatics drain into retropharyngeal group of lymph
nodes . Internal ear does not have any lymphatics
Its function:
Conduction
– Conduct sound from the outer ear to the inner ear
Protection
– Creates a barrier that protects the middle and inner areas from foreign objects
– Middle ear muscles may provide protection from loud sounds
Transducer
– Converts acoustic energy to mechanical energy
– Converts mechanical energy to hydraulic energy
Amplifier
– Transformer action of the middle ear
– only about 1/1000 of the acoustic energy in air would be transmitted to the inner-ear fluids (about
30 dB hearing loss)
i. basilar membrane which supports the organ of corti( inner, outer hair cells and
tectorial mem)
ii. The Reissner’s membrane which separate it from scala vestibuli,
iii. The stria vasculars which contains vascular epithelium and is concerned with
secretion of endolymph.
05/12/2023 Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
05/12/2023 Dr Ndayisaba Corneille
B) Vestibular part:
- its bony cavity that lodges the utricle and saccule.
- it contains the sensory organs responsible for equilibrium ( responsible for linear
acceleration)
C) Semicircular canals(SCC):
they are not complete circles, the have one ampulary and one non-ampulary ends.
Oriented as superior, lateral, posterior canals with 90 degree relation to each other.
Sensory organs are crista ampularis(which is responsible for angular acceleration).
the vestibular nerve:
Superior and inferior vestibular nerve arise from the sensory organs of SCC and utricle and
saccule to enter the internal acoustic canal.
Semicircular Ducts: The three semicircular ducts, which open in the utricle,
correspond exactly to the three bony canals
Endolymphatic Duct and Sac: The ducts from utricle and saccule unite and form
utriculo saccular duct, which continues as endolymphatic duct that passes
through thevestibular aqueduct
Endolymph
It resembles intracellular fluid and is rich in potassium ions Protein and glucose
contents are less than in perilymph.
originate from Stria vascularis and Dark cells of utricle and ampullated ends of
semicircular ducts.
the entire length of basilar membrane. It consists of: 1. Tunnel of Corti: This tunnel, which is situated
between the inner and outer rods, contains a fluid called cortilymph. The functions of the rods and
2. Hair Cells: hese important receptor cells of hearing transduce sound energy into electrical energy.