TURNSTIL

Presented by:-
Mukunda Madhav Das(75/19)

Neina Bora(76/19)

E Nistha Dutta(77/19)

Rohan Bharati(78/19)

ANTENNA Sagar Kashyap(79/19)

 1 INTRODUCTION

2 CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

3 MODES OF OPERATION & FEATURE

TABLE OF 4 SUPER TURNSTILE ANTENNA

CONTENTS 5 RADIATION PATTERN

6 APPLICATION

7 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

8 CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

o Turnstile antenna is a type of antenna that is widely used in radio

communication application.
o It is a form of dipole antenna that is oriented horizontally.
o The design of turnstile antenna offers several advantages
o over other types of dipole antenna.
WHAT IS TURNSTILE
ANTENNA?
o A turnstile antenna is a type of antenna commonly used for satellite
o communication and radio broadcasting.
o Turnstile antenna also called cross dipole.
o The shape of this antenna symbolizes the turnstile
o Frequency range is between 30MHz to 3GHz (VHF and UHF bands)
o It has been developed primarily for omnidirectional vhf communication.
o A basic turnstile antenna consist of 2 horizontal short dipoles placed
o normal to each other.
CONSTRUCTION OF TURNSTILE
ANTENNA o A Turnstile antenna consist of a set of two identical.
o Half wave dipole placed at right angles(90 degree) to each other.
o The two dipoles are energized with currents of equal magnitudes.
o These antenna are fed with an in phase quadrature signal i.e. the
signal to each dipole is +/- 90 degrees out of phase with each other,
to provide high directivity.
o Several turnstile antenna may be stacked along a vertical axis.
o Turnstile antenna have an omnidirectional radiation pattern with
horizontal polarization.
 WORKING
o To increase directivity and gain, several turnstiles can be
stacked along a vertical axis.
o BAY refers to a pair of stacked dipoles. Multiple bays
can be combined to form an antenna with excellent
directivity and gain.
o The polarization depends on their mode of operation.

NORMAL MODE AXIAL MODE

In Normal mode of operation, the antenna
radiates horizontally polarized waves which
are perpendicular to its axis.
In Axial mode of operation, the antenna If it is left-circular polarized one, unlike the
radiates circularly polarized waves along its transmitter, there will be a severe loss of gain.
axis i.e. parallel to its axis.
For circular polarization, the transmitter
radiating with right-circular polarization
should have a receiver with same right-
circular polarization and vice versa.
Normal Mode
Axial Mode
A turnstile antenna is conveniently
mounted on a vertical mast. The mast
is coincident with the axis of the
turnstile. In order to argument the
vertical plane directivity, several
turnstile units can be stacked at about
intervals of λ/2 between the two
elements. Such a type of an
arrangement as shown in figure is
called a 4 bay turnstile.
Salient features of turnstile antenna
1. Turnstile antenna consists of two half-wave dipoles which are perpendicular to each other. The
dipoles are excited with a phase difference of 90° (phase quadrature) with equal currents.
2. The excitation is provided by different non-resonant lines of unequal length.
3. It produces almost an Omni-directional pattern.
4. The electric field of turnstile antenna is given by:-

5. Directivity is improved by the array of turnstile antennas.

6. This antenna is best suited to match 70Ω dual co-axial line.
7. This is often used for T.V. and FM broadcasting in VHF and UHF bands.
8. This produces horizontal polarization.
9. The polarization is disturbed due to loss of power. However, the purity of polarization is improved by
super-turnstile antennas.
10. The super-turnstile antenna can be made of four flat sheets.
11. It is possible to obtain voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of about 1.1 over 30% bandwidth.
12. It is used as a mast mounted television transmitting antenna for frequencies about 50 MHz
13. Bandwidth is improved by an array of super-turnstile antennas with a spacing of λ between the
elements.
14. Array of super-turnstile antennas produces more horizontal gain.
 SUPER TURNSTILE ANTENNA
A Super-Turnstile Antenna or Batwing
Antenna is a specialized type of crossed
dipole antenna where two pairs of identical
batwing-shaped elements are mounted
vertically at right angle around a common
mast
The two dipoles are fed 90 degrees out
of phase to generate an omnidirectional
pattern.
This antenna radiates horizontally
polarized radiation in the horizontal
plane.
The super turnstile allows complete
frequency coverage of the VHF/UHF
commercial broadcast bands using a
single antenna..
The advantage of the “batwing” design as
known for television broadcasting is that
it has a wide bandwidth. This makes the
antenna design suitable for broadcasters
who wish to use a single antenna to
transmit multiple television signals and
thus made the batwing the preferred
antenna for low-band TV stations. It was
the first widely used television
broadcasting antenna.
To reduce power radiated in the
unwanted axial directions, multiple
bays are fed in phase and are
stacked vertically with a spacing of
approximately one wavelength in
order to create a collinear array. An
omnidirectional radiation pattern is
generated with increased horizontal
gain, suitable for terrestrial
broadcasting.
RADIATION PATTERN OF TURNSTILE
ANTENNA
o The radiation pattern of a Turnstile antenna is omnidirectional, which means that it radiates
electromagnetic waves uniformly in all directions around its axis.
o Normal mode and Axial mode
o In the Normal Mode of operation, there will be horizontally polarized mode and direction of radiation
will be horizontal means perpendicular to the axis of antenna.
o The individual field patterns of the two dipoles are figure of eight fitted by 90 degree.
o The total field pattern as a function of Ө and time is given by
o It produces circular pattern in the Ө plane
o Practically turnstile preferred to operate in horizontal plane
using dipoles(George brown turnstile antenna)

o In the Axial Mode of operation, antenna radiates circularly polarized

waves, which is perpendicular to it’s axis.
o We can see radiation happens along the axis and this radiation happens by
circular polarized radiation pattern and the major lob is happening in the
direction of Turnstile antenna.
APPLICATIONS OF TURNSTILE
ANTENNA
o Satellite communication: Turnstile antennas are widely used in satellite communication

systems as they can provide a circularly polarized radiation pattern that is suitable for

communication with circularly polarized satellite antennas.

o TV broadcasting: The omnidirectional radiation pattern of the Turnstile antenna makes it

ideal for broadcast applications where the signal needs to be transmitted in all directions.

o Stacked array: The Turnstile antenna can be used in a stacked array configuration to

achieve higher gain and improved performance.

 ADVANTAGES OF TURNSTILE
ANTENNA
Omnidirectional Low interference High gain Simple design Low profile

They have They have a

Turnstile They can They have a
minimal low profile,
antennas can transmit and simple design
interference making them
transmit and receive signals that is easy to
from other suitable for
receive signals over longer manufacture and
signals with mounting on
in all directions. distances. maintain.
different vehicles or
polarization. structures.
 DISADVANTAGES OF TURNSTILE
Larger
ANTENNA
Limited bandwidth More complex Ground plane Environmental
physical size feed system dependency susceptibility

Turnstile They may have They require a They may be They may be
antennas can be limited more complex more dependent more susceptible
larger than other bandwidth, feed system, on a ground to
types of which can limit which can plane for proper environmental
antennas with their use in increase design operation. factors such as
similar some and wind, ice, and
characteristics. applications. manufacturing temperature
complexity. changes.
 CONCLUSION

In conclusion, turnstile antennas are a versatile and widely used type of antenna that offer
several advantages over other types of antennas. They provide good circular polarization, a
relatively wide bandwidth, and can operate in both transmit and receive modes. Turnstile
antennas are used in a variety of applications, including satellite communication, terrestrial
communication, and amateur radio. While there are potential areas for improvement in
turnstile antenna design, they remain an important component of modern communication
systems. Overall, turnstile antennas are a valuable tool for engineers and researchers
working in the field of wireless communication.