Trauma from Occlusion

Trauma from occlusion is a term used to

describe pathologic alterations or adaptive
changes which develop in the periodontium
as a result of undue force produced by
masticatory muscles
 Terms of Trauma
•Traumatizing Occlusion
•Occlusal Trauma
•Traumatogenic Occlusion
•Periodontal Traumatism
•Overload
In addition to producing damage
in the periodontal tissues
excessive Occlusal force may
also cause injury in:- TMJ
- Masticatory muscles
-Pulp tissue
Occlusal trauma was defined by
Stillman (1917) as a condition
where injury results to the
supporting structures of the
teeth by the act of bringing the
jaws into a closed position
WHO in 1978 defined trauma as
a damage in the periodontium
caused by stress on the teeth
produced directly or indirectly
by teeth of the opposing jaw
 American Academy of
Periodontology defined Occlusal
trauma in 1986 as an injury to
the attachment apparatus as a
result of excessive Occlusal
force
Traumatizing forces may act on an
individual tooth or on groups of
teeth in premature contact
relationship, may occur in
conjunction with parafunctions such
as clenching and bruxism in
conjunction with loss or migration of
premolar and molar with an
accompanying gradually
developing spread of the anterior
teeth of the maxilla
Occlusal Trauma is divided in :
- Primary Occlusal trauma
- Secondary Occlusal trauma
-Combined Occlusal trauma
 Primary Occlusal Trauma

Is injury resulting from excessive Occlusal

forces applied to a tooth or teeth with
normal support
Secondary Occlusal Trauma

Is injury resulting from normal Occlusal

forces applied to a tooth or teeth with
inadequate periodontal support
 Combined Occlusal Trauma

Is injury resulting from abnormal Occlusal

forces applied to a tooth or teeth with
inadequate periodontal support
 Clinical Radiographic
• Mobility • Widened PDL space
• Fremitus • Bone loss
• Occlusal premature
• Tooth migration
• Fractured tooth
• Thermal sensitivity