TOPIC : Approach to

hematuria in children.

Name : G.Balamuralikrishna
Roll no: 32
Designation : 8th Term MBBS
Department : pediatrics

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Introduction

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 Clinical features
Symptoms
• An opacity of lens may be present without
causing any symptoms.
• May be discovered on routine ocular
examination
• Common symptoms are:
• 1.glare
• 2. Unilocular diplopia
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PES Institute of Medical Sciences & Research
• 3. Colored halos around light

• 4. Poor colour discrimination

• 5. Black spots in front of eyes
• 6. Image blur, misty vision
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• 7.Deterioration of vision :
It has some typical features
* patients with central opacities have
early loss of vision
* patients with peripheral opacities has
delayed visual loss.
* patients with nuclear sclerosis,distant
vision decorates due to index myopia
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• As opacification progresses vision
steadily diminishes.
• Gradual progressive loss of vision
followed by rapid deterioration may occur
during stage of intumecent cataract.

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 Signs

• Signs are elicited by performing

examination techniques like
1. Visual acuity
2. Slit lamp examination
3. Oblique illumination
4. Iris shadow
5. Distant direct opthalmoscopy

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Visual acuity

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Slit lamp examination

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Oblique illumination

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Iris shadow

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• Colour of lens
• Morphology of lens
• Grading of nuclear hardness

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Opthalmoscopy

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Complications
• Phacoanaphylytic uveitis
• Lens induced glaucoma
1. Phacomorphic plaucoma
2. Phacolytic glaucoma
3. Phenotypic glaucoma
• Subluxation of lens

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 Metabolic cataract
• Cataract observed as a comorbidity in
systemic diseases.
• This include:
1. Diabetic cataract
2. Galactosemic cataract
3. Hypoglycemic cataract
4. Cataract due to error of copper met.
5. Cataract in Lowes syndrome
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6. Cataract in moronic dystrophy
7. Cataract in neurofibramatosus type 2.

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Diabetic cataract

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Galactosemic cataract

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Hypoglycemic cataract

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Error of copper met.

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Moronic dystrophy

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Nurofibramatosis type 2

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Thankyou👀

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