Indian Institute of

Information
Technology, Bhopal

Presentation On- Programming Languages

Submitted To- Submitted by-
Dr. Sonal Chandel Group-II
 February
2023

PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES
FoCP (CS101)
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
A programming language is a computer
language programmers use to develop
software programs, scripts, or other sets of 
instructions for computers to execute.

• Although many languages share

similarities, each has its own syntax. Once
a programmer learns the language’s rules,
syntax, and structure, they write the 
source code in a text editor or IDE.

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USES OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES • Programming languages differ from
natural languages in that natural
languages are only used for interaction
between people, while programming
languages also allow humans to
communicate instructions to machines.

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GENERATION OF A PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES

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Levels/Generations of Programming Languages
 1st Generation Programming language (1GL)
Machine Language: O’s or 1’s
 2nd Generation Programming language (2GL)
Assembly Language: Mnemonics
 3rd Generation Programming language (3GL)
High-Level Languages: procedure-oriented or
Object Oriented)
 4th Generation Programming language (4GL)
Very-High-Level Languages
 5th Generation Programming Language
Natural Languages

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 First Generation
First-generation languages or 1GL
Represent the very early, primitive
computer languages that consisted
entirely of 1's and O’s the actual
language that the computer
understands (machine language).

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Advantages :
1. Fast & efficient as statements are directly written in binary language.

2. No translator is required.

Disadvantages :
1. Difficult to learn binary codes.

2. Difficult to understand – both programs & where the error occurred.

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 Second generation
Second-generation languages (2GL)
Represent a step up from the first-
generation languages. Allow for the use
of symbolic names instead of just
numbers. Second-generation languages
are known as assembly languages. Code
written in an assembly language is
converted into machine language
(1 GL).
Assembler – converts assembly-level instructions to machine-
level instructions.

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Advantages :
1. It is easier to understand if compared to machine language.

2. Modifications are easy.

3. Correction & location of errors are easy.

Disadvantages :
1. Assembler is required.

2. This language is architecture /machine-dependent, with a different

instruction set for different machines

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 THIRD GENERATION
Third-generation languages (3GL) With the
languages introduced by the third generation of
computer programming, words and commands
(instead of just symbols and numbers) were
being used. These languages, therefore, had syntax
that was much easier to understand.
Third generation languages are C, C++, Java, and
Javascript,

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Advantages :
1. Use of English-like words makes it a human-understandable language.

2. Lesser number of lines of code as compared to the above 2 languages.

3. Same code can be copied to another machine & executed on that machine by
using compiler-specific to that machine.

Disadvantages :
1. Compiler/ interpreter is needed.

2. Different compilers are needed for different machines

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 FOURTH GENERATION
These are languages that consist of
statements that are similar to
statements in the human language.
These are used mainly in database
programming and scripting.
Examples of these languages
include Perl, Python, Ruby, SQL,
MatLab (Matrix Laboratory)

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Advantages :
1. Easy to understand & learn.

2. Less time is required for application creation.

3. It is less prone to errors.

Disadvantages :
1. Memory consumption is high.

2. Has poor control over Hardware.

3. Less flexible
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 FIFTH GENERATION
Fifth-generation languages are used
mainly in artificial intelligence
research. OPS5 and Mercury are
examples of fifth-generation
languages, which were built upon Lisp.
KL-ONE is an example of a related
idea, a frame language

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Advantages :
1. Machines can make decisions.

2. Programmer effort reduces to solve a problem.

3. Easier than 3GL or 4GL to learn and use.

Disadvantages :
1. Complex and long code.

2. More resources are required & they are expensive too

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LANGUAGE POPULARITY

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THANK YOU!

GROUP-II
 NAME OF MEMBERS

AYUSH KUMAR
ACHYUT PANDEY
LIKHIT
DEEPAL
YOGESH
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