Dr. N.G.P.

Institute of Technology, Coimbatore – 641048

(An Autonomous Institution)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai
Recognized by UGC & Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade and
NBA (BME, CSE, ECE, EEE and Mechanical)

DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

DEVELOPMENT OF BIOPLASTIC FILMS BY Manihot esculenta WITH ONION

PEEL EXTRACT AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT

MINI PROJECT
FIRST REVIEW
Guide : Ms. S.Sharmila By
ARKESH ANBU - 710720121010
DARSHAN R - 710720121015
DEEPAK S - 710720121016
CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE SURVEY
 EXISTING SYSTEM EXPLANATION
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION
 PROPOSED PROJECT OBJECTIVE
 REFERENCES

05/27/2023 First Review 2

 INTRODUCTION
• Bioplastics made from natural sources, such as plants, are becoming increasingly
popular as they are biodegradable and have a lower impact on the environment
compared to traditional petroleum-based plastics.

• The use of bioplastics in the medical field is also gaining popularity due to their
biocompatibility and potential for use in medical implants and devices.

• Onion peel extract contains several compounds, such as flavonoids and phenolic
acids, that have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

• These properties can potentially make bioplastics made with onion peel extract more
resistant to microbial growth and reduce the risk of infection when used in medical
devices.

05/27/2023 First Review 3

 LITERATURE SURVEY
JOURNAL
S.N0. TITLE AUTHORS NAME AND
YEAR INFERENCE

Waste streams in onion Ilja Gasan Osojnik Science Direct This study
production: Bioactive C rnivec , Mihaela (2021) investigated the
compounds, quercetin and use of Skrt , Danijela potential for novel
1. antimicrobial and antioxidative seremet , Meta uses of processing
properties. Sternisa , David residues of onion
Farcnik ,Erna production in food.
strumbelj , Ales
Poljansek

Enhanced Yield of Bioactivities Mariana Gois Ruivo MDPI Presence of

2. from Onion (Allium cepa L.) da Silva, Mihaela (2021) Antioxidant, anti-
Skin and Their Antioxidant and Skrt, Draženka inflammatory,
Anti-α-Amylase Activities Komes antimicrobial,
antiviral, anti-
allergic,
cardioprotective,
vasodilatory and
anticancer activities.
05/27/2023 First Review 4
 LITERATURE SURVEY
JOURNAL
S.NO TITLE AUTHORS NAME AND INFERENCE
YEAR
The phenolic
Onion Peel: Turning a food Rita Celano , properties of onion
3. waste into a resource. Teresa Docimo , Antioxidants skin are identified
Anna Lisa (2020) here.
Piccinelli
Production of Starch based Bioplastic is
4. Bioplastic from cassava peel produced from
Reinforced with Maulida, M Journal of physics: cassava and the
Microcrystalline cellulose Siagian, conference results depicted its
Avicel PH101 Using Sorbitol as P Tarigan series 710 mechanical
Plasticizer. (2019) properties.

Microwave-assisted deep The antioxidant

5. eutectic solvent extraction of Chandra Bhusan properties and
phenolic antioxidants from T.Pal Springer phenolic
onion (Allium cepa L.) peel: a and (2019) compounds are
Box–Behnken design approach Girirajsinh C. identified
for optimization. Jadeja
05/27/2023 First Review 5
 LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO TITLE
The stucture of bioplastic from
6. cassava starch with nanoclay
reinforcement
The potential of food waste as
7. bioplastic material to promote
environmental sustainability: A
review
Extraction of phenolic
8. compounds and evaluation of the
antioxidant and antimicrobial
capacity of red onion skin
(Allium cepa L.)
AUTHORS JOURNAL NAME INFERENCE
AND YEAR
Poppy Puspitasari and MDPI (2019) The structure and other
Sukarni components of the obtained
bioplastic from cassava was
identified.
M O Ramadhan and M Antioxidants (2018) A clear idea was made to
N Handayani produce bioplastic from food
and food waste like cassava.
Viera, V.B., Piovesan, International food The study evaluated the
N., and Rodrigues, J.B research Journal content of phenolic
Mello (2018) compounds, total flavonoids
and anthocyanins, as well as
the antioxidant and
antimicrobial activity, of red
onion skin extract
 LITERATURE SURVEY
S.NO TITLE AUTHORS JORUNAL INFERENCE
NAME AND
YEAR

Flavonol Composition and Miguel Palma., The flavonoid composition of

9. Antioxidant Activity of Caferino Carrera and Antioxidants Allium cepa was identified and
Onions (Allium cepa L.) Marta (2018) the antioxidant activities are
Based on the Development also identified.
of New Analytical
Ultrasound-Assisted
Extraction Methods

The antimicrobial activity of Mossa J and Ahmed Europe PMC The antimicrobial activity of
10. garlic and onion extracts SJ (2018) onion extract was observed
against pathogenic micro
organisms.

05/27/2023 First Review 7

 EXISTING SYSTEM EXPLANATION
At present, antimicrobial coating has been implemented in various medical devices by the
help of certain chemicals like
1. Chlorhexidine gluconate

2. Gendine

3. Gardine

4. Poly (hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride

5. Silver Nitrate

05/27/2023 First Review 8

 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

• The usage of certain chemicals for gaining antimicrobial effect has serious effects on
human health like fatigue and dizziness even when a small amount is inhaled.

• Those chemicals do cause skin infections like rashes and allergy when touched in many
cases.

• In-spite of killing microbes, it also causes serious effects to human health.

• On other hand over usage of chemicals can drain our natural resources tremendously

05/27/2023 First Review 9

 PROPOSED PROJECT OBJECTIVE
• This project focusses on the development of bioplastic with an antimicrobial
activity.

• Without the usage of hazardous chemical coating only natural product like onion peel
is used to make extract for the antimicrobial property.

05/27/2023 First Review 10

Work Flow
• Extraction of onion juice (5% concentration)

• Test for phenolic compounds (Ferric chloride Test)

• Test for antimicrobial activity (well diffusion test)

• Development of bioplastic from roots of cassava

05/27/2023 First Review 11

 FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST

• Dissolving onion extract in water.

• Addition of neutral solution of ferric chloride ( dropwise )

• Observing colour change ( Red, Blue, Green or Purple)

05/27/2023 First Review 12

 WELL DIFFUSION TEST
• Preparation of Muller Hinton Agar.

• Inoculation of microbes (Escherichia coli, salmonella sp, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas

aeruginosa , aspergillus niger)

• Wells are made by gel puncher and onion extract is added and incubated for 24hrs

• Zone of clearance will be seen around the wells.

05/27/2023 First Review 13

 Development of bioplastic from roots of cassava

• Preparation of starch:
Roots of cassava are washed and dried thoroughly. The dried particles are made into a fine
powder.

• Gelatinization:
The starch powder is mixed with water and heated at 85 to 100 degree Celsius to break
down the starch molecules.

• Blending:
The gelatinized starch is then blended with plasticizers like sorbitol or citric acid to improve
its properties. The extracted onion juice is added in this step.

05/27/2023 First Review 14

• Molding:
Mixture is then poured into mould and allowed to cool and solidify . The bioplastic films
are then used for required purposes.

05/27/2023 First Review 15

 RESULTS OBTAINED

Bioplastic obtained from

the roots of Cassava

05/27/2023 First Review 16

Positive result ( Dark
Brown color ) for Ferric
chloride test depicting the
presence of phenolic
compounds

05/27/2023 First Review 17

 FUTURE WORK
• Properties like durability, flexibility, printability, barrier, transparency and heat resistance are to be
identified.
• Incorporation of the produced bioplastic in a specific medical tool ( IV tubes, Syringes, Glucose
bottles, Gloves, Catheters )

05/27/2023 First Review 18

 REFERENCES
• Rita Celano , Teresa Docimo , Anna Lisa Piccinelli. Onion Peel: Turning a Food Waste into
a Resource Antioxidants 2021,10,304
• Maulida, M Siagian, P Tarigin. Production of Starch Based Bioplastic from Cassava Peel
Reinforced with Microcrystalline Cellulose Avicel PH101 Using Sorbitol as Plasticizer.
Journal of Physics :Conference Series 710(2016)012012.
• Manoj Kumar, Mrunal D. Barbhai, Muzaffar Hasan, Sneh Punia, Sangram Dhumal, Radha,
Nadeem Rais, Deepak Chandran, R. Pandiselvam, Anjineyulu Kothakota, Maharishi Tomar,
Varsha Satankar, Marisennayya Senapathy, T. Anitha Abhijit Dey, Ali A.S. Sayed, Farouk M.
Gadallah, Ryszard Amarowicz, Mohamed Mekhemar.Onion (Allium cepa L.) peels: A
review on bioactive compounds and biomedical activities.Science Direct (2021)
• Abdullahi R. Abubakar and Mainul Haque .Preparation of Medicinal Plants: Basic Extraction
and Fractionation Procedures for Experimental Purposes.
• T. M Ogunrinola1 U.G Akpan Research Scholar , Professor Department of Chemical
Engineering Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State Nigeria. Production of
Cassava Starch Bioplastic Film Reinforced with Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA)

05/27/2023 First Review 19

 THANK YOU

05/27/2023 First Review 20