Cardiovascular

System
Pathophysiology & Pharmacology

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

HEART DISEASE is the number one leading cause of
death for both men and women worldwide.

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases
1. Antihypertensive Agents
a. R-A-A-S affecting
b. Calcium Channel Blockers
c. Vasodilators
d. Diuretics
e. Sympathetic Nervous System Drugs
2. Antihypotensive Agents
3. Agents for Heart Failure
4. Antiarrhytmic Agents
5. Antianginal Agents
6. Lipid-Lowering Agents
7. Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation
Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,
Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypertensive Agents affecting the R-A-A-S

o Angiotensin-converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
• -pril (Captopril, Enalapril, Perindopril)

o Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

• -sartan (Candesartan, Irbesartan, Losartan, Olmesartan, Telmisartan, Valsartan)

o Renin Inhibitor
• Aliskiren

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypertensive Agents (Ca+ Channel Blockers)

o -dipine (Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nicardipine, Nifedipine)
o Verapamil
o Diltiazem

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypertensive Agents (Vasodilators)

o Hydralazine
o Minoxidil
o Nitroprusside

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypertensive Agents (Vasodilators for P.A.)

o -sentan
o -fil (Sildenafil, Tadalafil)
o Epoprostenol
o Iloprost
o Treprostinil

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypertensive Agents (Diuretics)

o Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics
• -thiazide (Hydrochlorothiazide)
• Chlorthalidone
• Indapamine
• Metolazone

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypertensive Agents (Diuretics)

o Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
• Amiloride
• Spironolactone
• Triamterene

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypertensive Agents (Sympathetic Nervous

System Drugs)
o Beta-Blockers
• -olol (Atenolol, Metoprolol, Propanolol)

o Alpha- and Beta- Blockers

• Carvedilol
• Labetalol

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypertensive Agents (Sympathetic Nervous

System Drugs)
o Alpha-Adrenergic Blockers
• Phenoxybenzamine
• Phentolamine

o Alpha1-Blockers
• -osin (Doxazosin, Terazosin)

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypertensive Agents (Sympathetic Nervous

System Drugs)
o Alpha2-Blockers
• Clonidine
• Guanfacine
• Methyldopa

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antihypotensive Agents
o Dobutamine
o Dopamine
o Droxidopa
o Ephedrine
o Epinephrine
o Isoproterenol
o Midodrine
o Norepinephrine
o Phenylephrine

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Agents for Heart Failure

o Cardiac Glycosides
• Digoxin

o Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
• Milrinone

o Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated

• Ivabradine

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antiarrhythmic Agents

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Antianginal Agents
o Nitrates
• Amyl Nitrate
• Isosorbide Dinitrate
• Isosorbide Mononitrate
• Nitrolgycerin

o Piperazine Acetamide
• Ranolazine

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Lipid-Lowering Agents
o HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
• -statin (Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin, Simvastatin)

o Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

• Ezetimibe

o Other Lipid-Lowering Agents

• Fenofibrate
• Fenofibric Acid
• Gemfibrozil

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation

o Affecting Clot Formation & Antiplatelet Agents
• Abciximab
• Anagrelide
• Aspirin
• Cilostazol
• Clopidogrel
• Dipyramidole
• Eptifibatide
• Ticagreglor

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation

o Anticoagulants
• Antithrombin
• Argatroban
• Bivalirudin
• Dabigatran
• Desirudin
• Heparin
• Fondaparinux
• Warfarin

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation

o Thrombolytic Agents
• -plase
• Urokinase

o Anticoagulant Adjunctive Therapy

• Lepirudin
• Protamine Sulfate
• Prothrombin complex
• Vitamin K

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation

o Hemorrheologic Agent
• Pentoxyfylline

o Antihemophilic Agents
• Antihemophilic Factor
• Antihemophilic Factor Fc Fusion Protein
• Antihemophilic Factor Porcine Sequence
• Anti-Inhibitor Coagulant Complex
• Coagulation Factor VIIa

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Drug Classifications for Heart Diseases

Drugs Affecting Blood Coagulation

Hemostatic Agents
o Systemic
• Aminocaproic Acid

o Topical
• Absorbable Gelatin
• Human Fibrin Sealant
• Microfibrillar Collagen
• Thrombin

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Review on Cardiovascular Physiology

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Review on Cardiovascular Physiology

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,
Review on Cardiovascular Physiology

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,

Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,
Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,
Wilton Norman S. Jumantoc RN, MAN,