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Amalia Eli
Arya Manda
Ayu Yati Astuti
Mariatul Kibtiah
Riska Elicia
Analytical Expositio
n
 The Definition
An analytical exposition is a type of spoken or
written text that is intended to persuade the
listeners or readers that something is the case. To
make the persuasion stronger, the speaker or
writer gives some arguments as the fundamental
reasons why something is the case.
• This type of text can be found in scientific books,
journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech
or lectures, research report etc. Analytical expositions are
popular among science, academic community and
educated people.
 Generic Structure
The generic structure of analytical
exposition usually has three
components:
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
 Generic Structure of
Analytical Exposition
1. Thesis: Introduces the topic and shows speaker or
writer’s position;
Outlines of the arguments are presented.
2. Arguments: It consists of Point and Elaboration
Point, states the main argument
Elaboration, develops and supports each point of
argument
3. Conclusion: Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker
or writer’s position
 Generic Features of
Analytical Exposition
• An analytical exposition focuses on generic
human and non human participants.
• It uses mental processes. It is used to state what
the writer or speaker thinks or feels about
something. For example: realize, feel etc.
• It often needs material processes. It is used to
state what happens, e.g. ….has polluted… etc.
• It usually uses Simple Present Tense
and Present Perfect Tense.
• Enumeration is sometimes necessary
to show the list of given arguments:
Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.
Hortatory Exposition
 Purpose

•To persuade the reader or the listener

that something should or should not to
be
 Text Organization

•A thesis (stating an issue of concern)

•Arguments (giving reasons for concern,
leading to recommendatioin)
•Recommendation (stating what ought or ought
not to happen)
 Language Features

•Emotive words such as: alarmed, worried

•Words that qualify statements, such as: usual, probably
•Words that link arguments such as: firstly, however, on the other
hand, therefore
•Usually present tense
•Compound and complex sentences
•Modal verbs/adverbs: can, may, certainly, get, stop
•Subjective opinion using pronouns: I and we
 Types
•Letters to editor
•Plead in the trial case
•Speeches
•Advertising
 Country Concern

Statement issue : In all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol
(and the atmosphere) there doesn’t seen to have been any mention of the difference
between driving in the city and in the country.
Argument : While my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever , I
feel that when you travel through the country, where you only see another car every
five minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads.
Argument : Those who want to penalise older, leaded petrol vehicles
and their owner don’t seem to appreciate that the country there is no public transport
to fall back upon and one’s own vehicles is the only way to get about.
Recomendation : I feel that country people, who often to travel huge
distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol,
should be treated differently to the people who live in the city.
 Differency of :
Analytical

   Hortatory
 Thesis
 Argument
 Reiteration

 Thesis
  Argument
  Recommendation
1. Analytical 2. Hortatory
•From the argument •You should….,
above we can conclude •we must……,
that….. ; •you should be….., 
•Based on the argument •You shouldn’t……,
above…..;  
•you mustn’t……,
•The conclusion of the
•we ought not to….,
argument above is……
•Etc. •Etc
EXERCISE
 Higher Education for Woman
In this modern era, there are still some parents who are reluctant about sending
their daughter to college. Such narrow attitude shown to woman higher education is
largely due to the traditional role of woman in society. A woman is expected just to be a
wife and a mother most parents believe that if their daughter gets married and chooses to
be a housewife, then the higher education will be a waste. However an educated woman
does not only make a better wife abut also contributer better thing to the large society.
Nowadays more women are successfully combining their career and marriage.
Educated women are richer both emotionally and financially. They are able to find an
outlet for monotonous drudgery of their housekeeping. They bring more satisfaction and
contentment to their lives.
Depriving girl of higher education is crash discrimination. Time has changed. Modern
society need the talents of its people regardless of gender. Today women work alongside
men. In fact, in the last few decades women have made outstanding contributions to
society.
            Woman should be given the freedom to be educated whether they get married or go
to work after finishing their education because it is only through education that a woman
will find herself useful and discover what she wants in life. A woman who work is not an
insult to her husband. Conversely, her husband should feel proud of her achievement since
marriage is actually an equal partnership. Therefore, parents should not think that girls
should receive less education just because they will get marriage one day.
 Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50
thousands people die every year in Britain as direct result of smoking. This
is seven times as many as die in road accidents. Nearly a quarter of smokers
die because of diseases caused by smoking.
            Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke five
cigarettes a day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer than a non
smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is nineteen greater.
Ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis are people who are
smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely to die of heart disease
than non smokers.
            Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis
and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as much
as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen cigarettes.
            Smoking is really good for tobacco companies because they do make
much money from smoking habit. Smoking however is not good for every
body else.
Dear Editor,
          We are writing to complain about ads on TV. There are so many ads, especially
during our favourite programmes. We think they should be stopped for a number of
reasons.
          First, ads are nuisance. They go on for a long time and there are so many.
Sometimes there seems to be more ads than programmes.
Second, ads are bad influence on people. They try to encourage people to buy
unhealthy food like beer, soft drink, candy and chips. And they make people want
things they do not really need and can not.
          Finally, the people who make ads have too much say in what programmes people
watch. That is because they want to put all their ads on popular programs that a lot of
people watch. Some programmes which are not so popular get stopped because they do
not attract enough ads, even though those programmes may be someone’s favourite.
          For those reasons, we think TV station should stop showing ads. They interrupt
programmes. They are bad influences on people, and they are sometimes put a stop to
people’s favourite shows. We are sick of ads, and now we mostly watch other channels.
David
DISCUSSION TEXT
Social Function

To present (at
least) two points
of view about an
issue
 Generic Structure
1. Issue:
– Statement
– Preview
2. Arguments for against or statement
of differing points of view:
– Point
– Elaboration
3. Conclusion or recommendation
1. Focus on generic
human and generic
non-human
Participants
 2. Use of:
- Material Processes : has produced,
have developed, to feed

- Relational Processes : is, could have,

cause are

- Mental Processes : realize, feel

3. Use of Comparative,
and contrastive
• The comparative is frequently
associated
word more or less (e.g., faster, 
more intelligent, less wasteful)
Example
 Issue
Genetic research has produced both
exciting and frightening possibilities.
Scientist are now able to create new
forms of life in the laboratory due to the
development
Argument for point

On the one hand,

the ability to create
life in laboratory
could greatly
benefit mankind.
 Elaboration
For example, because it is very
expensive to obtain insulin from
natural resources, scientist have
developed a method to manufacture
it inexpensively.
 Point 2

Another benficial application of

genre spicing in agriculture
 Elaboration 2
Scientist foresee the day when new plants will be
developed using nitrogen from the air instead of from
fertilizer. Therefore food production could be
increased. In addition, entirely new plants could be
developed to feed the worlds hungry people.
Any question?