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3.

High manufacturing cost and reduction in


profit margins.
a. High labour cost (low productivity,
increased downtime, batch manufacturing,
high set-up time, insufficient training).
b. Increase in overhead costs (machinery
breakdown, increase in consumables and
tools etc.)
c. Overtime
d. Poor yield due to re-work/rejection.
4. High inventory of raw materials/FG (cash flow
problems, poor storage, delays to unload, poor
identification, wrong stocks)
5. Fire fighting on the shop floor (chaos on shop
floor – searching for tools, materials,
maintenance, dirty shop floor, machines broken,
poor lighting and safety hazards).
6. Order lost to competitor on price
7. High customer complaints/returns
8. Competitor bringing new products
faster
B - Lean Supply Principles
First need to understand Mass Production
because Lean Production evolved from Mass
Production – where the beneficial and cost-
effective areas of both Craft and Mass Production
gave rise to Lean Production.

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