WEB TECHNOLOGIES (HTML)

ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB (PART 1)

 LESSON OBJECTIVES

By the end of this lesson, students will be able to;

1. describe the concept of the internet and web into detail.

2. describe how data is exchanged on the internet.

3. differentiate between internet and web.

ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

What is Protocol?
Protocol in plain English means set of rules to communicate. It is kind of rules
that need to be followed to achieve a desired result.
Imagine, if I speak only English language and you want to communicate with
me.

Then the protocol we can use to communicate with each other could be:
1. Body Language
2. Sign Language
3. English Language
PROTOCOL

“Lets talk in Twi”

Communication Protocol
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

HOW TWO SYSTEMS COMMUNICATE

Imagine two systems want to communicate with each other and
exchange data. How do they communicate with others? All they
know is 0 and 1.
That’s where the protocol comes and helps.
 ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

HOW TWO SYSTEMS COMMUNICATE

Two systems have to first agree on a common protocol. They should know what
rules they are going to follow to communicate with each other.

There should be some kind of instructions that are predefined when followed, a
communication can be made.

So, before two computers decide to communicate they agree on a common

protocol and based on that protocol definition they communicate with each
other.
 ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

TYPES OF PROTOCOLS
1. Wifi Protocol (Wireless Fidelity): This protocol helps connect your mobile
phone to your Wifi devices and access the Internet.

2. FTP (File Transfer Protocol): This protocol can help to access any server’s file
system and perform the file operations on it like Upload, Download, Delete and
Rename the files.

3. Email Protocol: This is the most common protocol we use every day to
send and receive emails. Depending on the type of communication, the underlying
protocol will change. Each protocol is defined to achieve a specific type of result
when followed.
 ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

TECHNICAL DEFINITION OF PROTOCOL

Protocol is a set of rules followed by a system to perform a specific activity.

Protocol can also be defined as set of rules and standards used to communicate
between machines.

Communication protocol can be used to communicate and exchange information

between one or more system connected together.

Examples of Communication Protocols are Wifi Protocol, FTP and Email Protocol.
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

What is Internet Protocol?

Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent

from one computer to another on the internet.
Each computer -- known as a host -- on the internet has at least one IP
address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the inter-
net.
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

WHAT IS THE INTERNET?

The Internet, sometimes called sim-
ply "the Net," is a worldwide system
of computer networks -- a network
of networks in which users at any
one computer can, if they have
permission, get information from
any other computer (and sometimes
talk directly to users at other com-
puters).
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

HOW THE INTERNET WAS DISCOVERED

Federal Government of United States started a project called ARPANET in
1960. The primary purpose of this project was to build a network of computers
through which federal data can be exchanged.

It was a secured network and used only in the nation for federal purpose.

Later in 1990s many organization came together to form a network that can be
used by everyone which was Internet.
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

HOW THE INTERNET WORKS

The data on the Internet is exchanged with TCP/IP protocol. This is the
protocol that every computer uses to exchange data. This is like a language
every computer on that network speaks to communicate.

This is a requirement that every computer connected to the global network

(internet)
must speak TCP/IP protocol language to communicate.
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

WHAT IS WEB?
Web is not Internet. If internet is a way to connect computers together then
Web is the way to access those information over the internet medium.

The web, which is short for World Wide Web, is one of the ways information is
shared on the internet (another is File Transfer Protocol (FTP). The web is
composed of billions of connected digital documents that are viewed in a web
browser, such as Chrome, Safari, Microsoft Edge, Firefox, and others.
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

HISTORY OF THE WEB (WWW)

The development of the World Wide Web was begun in 1989 by 
Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN, an international scientific
organization based in Geneva, Switzerland. They created a protocol, 
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which standardized communication 
between servers and clients. Their text-based Web browser
was made available for general release in January 1992.
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

HISTORY OF THE WEB (WWW)

The development of the World Wide Web was begun in 1989 by 
Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues at CERN, an international scientific
organization based in Geneva, Switzerland. They created a protocol, 
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which standardized communication 
between servers and clients. Their text-based Web browser
was made available for general release in January 1992.
ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WEB

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET AND WEB