DEVELOPMENT OF A BIO-COMPOSITE

WOOD ADHESIVE UTILIZING

ARTOCARPUS BLANCOI SAP

ABE, ACOSTA, AROCHA,

SERRATO, AMATOSA Jr.

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 INTRODUCTION
WOOD ADHESIVES
Wood adhesives have a great demand in the global
market. The Global Wood Adhesives Market, forecasts
that the market is expected to grow by 2024, due to rising
demand for wood adhesive applications in furniture,
building, and construction industries, particularly in
high-growth economies like China, India, and Southeast
Asia (Rajalakshmi, 2018).
University Research Congress 2023
May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 INTRODUCTION

ARTOCARPUS BLANCOI SAP AS WOOD

ADHESIVE
This study aimed to create a natural wood adhesive that
can compete with commercial adhesives on the market.
The best option was to use natural tree sap and its
qualities. A renewable resource like tree sap would
lower production costs, making the product more
affordable.
University Research Congress 2023
May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 INTRODUCTION

Accordingly, the researchers will compare the

mechanical properties of Antipolo tree sap as a natural
wood glue to those of commercial wood adhesives. The
researchers would also undertake a cost study to
evaluate whether the product is viable for
commercialization.

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 MATERIALS AND
MATERIALS PREPARATION
METHODS

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 MATERIALS AND
MATERIALS PREPARATION
METHODS

Artocarpus
blancoi sap + Application
Coconut shell
charcoal to wood Curing Test
planks
1:0
0.8:0.2
0.9:0.1

Comparison to Cost Productio

Evaluation of
commercial
results
wood adhesive Analysis n

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 MATERIALS AND
Mix Designation and Age Profiling
METHODS
Table 1 Sample mix designation and age profiling
7 yrs old -
0 – 3 yrs old 4 – 6 yrs old above
Mix Designation Antipolo tree Antipolo tree
(A) (B) Antipolo tree
(C)
X (1.0:0) AX BX CX
Y (0.9:0.1) AY BY CY
Z (0.8:0.2) AZ BZ CZ

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 RESULTS AND
SINGLE LAP SHEAR: Highest Max Load and
DISCUSSION
Break Point
Age Profile Mix Ratio Max Load Breaking

Point

A Y (90:10) 2.11 KN 2.11 KN

B Z (80:20) 2.665 KN 1.11 KN

The table shows the Control

comparison Eof the highest
2.645 KN 1.26load
maximum KN capacity and
breaking point of the bio-composite adhesive samples and the commercial adhesive.
Sample BZ has the highest maximum load capacity at 2.665 KN and Sample AY has
the highest breaking point at 2.11 KN. The data shows the capability of the
Artocarpus blancoi Bio-composite Wood Adhesive to match and surpass the
properties of the commercial
University Research Congress 2023
wood adhesive.
May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 RESULTS AND
CHARACTERIZATION
DISCUSSIONOF SURFACE
MORPHOLOGY
Adhesive BZ
Bio-composite Adhesive Adhesive AY
Control E Bio-composite Adhesiive
Commercial Adhesive
30 30
30
25
20
20 20
10
10 15

10 0
0 2 42 82 122162202242282322362402442482522562602642682722762802842
3 87 171 255 339 423 507 591 675 759 843 927 101110951179 5
-10
-10 0
3 75 147 219 291 363 435 507 579 651 723 795 867 939 10111083
-20
-20 -5

-10 -30
-30
Load Elong Stress Strain Load Elong Stress Strain
Load Elong Stress Strain

The graphical representation in the figures shows the stress and strain curve
obtained from the single lap shear strength test. The maximum load capacity and the
breaking point of the adhesives were illustrated. The tests show adhesive failure from
the range of 1.11 KN to 2.11 KN. The data shows that the bio-composite adhesive
have the properties to match and even surpass the commercial adhesive.

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Cost and Unit Price Analysis
EQUIPMENT COST BREAKDOWN Cost of Production per 250 grams
Quanti Unit Amount Airtight Jar 1 pc 15
Description ty Unit cost (Php) Label of the product 1 pc 10
Cost of acquiring raw TOTAL     ₱ 25.00
materials        
Cost of plantation of Price comparison (Php) / 250 grams
10 tree 25 250
Artocarpus blancoi
Commercial
Coconut shell 0.25 sack 300 75 Bio-composite
  Adhesive
Cost of equipment wood adhesive
(Stikwel)
Thermometer 1 pcs 200 200
Total amount of
Beakers 3 pcs 75 225 70 (Assumed price) 75
income
Sieve 1 pcs 350 350
Total amount of
Boiling flask 1 pcs 250 250 25 Unknown
cost production
Weighing scale 1 pcs 2000 2000 Net of the product 45 Unknown
Mortar and pestle 3 pcs 150 450
Stirring rod 1 pcs 40 40
Bunsen burner 1 pcs 350 350
Laboratory expenses
University Research Congress 2023 sessio
1 350 350
Furnace May 4-5, 2023 n
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results obtained in this study, the researchers have drawn the
following conclusions:

• Charcoal powder is suitable as a temper material for Artocarpus blancoi

sap, which adds sturdiness to the material.
• The maximum load capacity of the samples with 80:20 mix ratio, ranges
from 2.33 KN to 2.665 KN, which surpasses the maximum load capacity of
the commercial adhesive.
• The breaking point of the samples with 90:10 mix ratio surpasses the
breaking point of the commercial adhesive which ranges from 1.52 KN to
2.11 KN.
University Research Congress 2023
May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 CONCLUSIONS

• Tree sap collected from Artocarpus blancoi with age profile from 4 – 6
years old has the highest average maximum load capacity at 2.00167 KN.
• Samples with 80 percent sap and 20 percent charcoal mix design has the
highest average maximum load capacity at 2.485 KN.
• Tree sap collected from Artocarpus blancoi with age profile from 0 – 3
years old has the highest average breaking point at 1.57 KN.

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 CONCLUSIONS

• Samples with 90 percent sap and 10 percent charcoal mix design has the
highest average breaking point at 1.7567 KN.
• Sample BZ has the highest maximum load capacity at 2.665 KN and
Sample AY has the highest breaking point at 2.11 KN.
• The data shows that the bio-composite adhesive have the properties to
match and even surpass the commercial adhesive

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the methodologies and results of the study, the researchers highly
recommend the following:

• The use of other parts of the tree in sap collection.

• The use of other temper materials with same properties as charcoal.
• Use of machinery in pulverizing the temper material.
• Conduct additional studies about different natural adhesives and saps in the
locality.
• Adding chemicals and other chemical additives to change the black color of
the bio-composite adhesive.

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 RECOMMENDATIONS

• Conduct additional tests in Adhesive Peel Strength Testing ASTM D1876.

• Conduct consistency testing for the Artocarpus blancoi tree sap.
• The use of Universal Testing Machine manually adjustable clamps to avoid
breaking the sample specimen before the application of loads.
• Application of the bio-composite adhesive to materials other than wood.
• Exploration of the hydrophobic qualities of the Artocarpus blancoi tree sap
and coconut shell charcoal powder.

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center
 THANK YOU!

University Research Congress 2023

May 4-5, 2023
RSU Socio-cultural Center