Software &

Cloud Components Firmware
Of Device
Presented by 
Layba Noor
SOFTWARE

Software has one huge thing going for it: it’s flexible. Unlike with
chips, if a software program needs a tweak after you’ve purchased it,
then a software update can make that possible.
FRIMWARE

You might see mentions of something called firmware Software that is

stored on a device itself. Regular computers have very little firmware,
since software mostly comes from a hard drive or some other storage.
CLOUD COMPUTING FIRMWARE

Firmware is the foundation of the software stack that computer

hardware uses for basic operations and to run applications. Hardware
makers use embedded firmware to control the functions of various
hardware devices and systems, much like a computer's operating system
(OS) controls the function of software applications.
TYPES OF FIRMWARE

There are 3 types - 

1. low-level firmware
2. high-level firmware
3. subsystem
LOW-LEVEL FIRMWARE

Stored on a non-volatile memory chip, such as read-only memory

(ROM). Therefore, it cannot be rewritten or updated and is considered an
inherent part of the hardware.
HARD-LEVEL FIRMWARE

Used with flash memory chips for updating. It usually has more complex
instructions than low-level firmware, making it closer to hardware than
software.
SUBSYSTEM

A device or unit that is a semi-independent part of a larger system. It

embeds microcode like high-level firmware, so it is usually similar to a
system.
DEVICES THAT USE FIRMWARE

Many devices are using firmware, including the following items.

• Personal computer
• Consumer products
• Automobiles
DETAIL
PERSONAL
COMPUTER
The firmware components
of PCs are as important as
its operating system. But
unlike the operating
system, the
firmware cannot be
automatically updated to
solve problems found
after the device leaves the
factory.
CONSUMER
PRODUCTS AUTOMOBILES
Today's portable music players
(such as iPods) can be upgraded Most vehicles begin
with firmware. Some device to use onboard
manufacturers use firmware
updates to add new playable file computers and
formats. Other features that may
be changed by this type of update
various sensors to
include the  detect mechanical
graphical user interface (GUI) or
battery life. Nowadays, almost all failures.
mobile phones have the function
of wireless firmware upgrades.
HOW DOES FIRMWARE WORK?

How does firmware work? The firmware program can be written in a

high-level language, but the code is converted into machine language
instructions before being stored in the non-volatile memory. Machine
language instructions are dedicated to the microprocessor that runs it.
The same firmware usually cannot run on different processors, because
different processors have different instruction sets.
CRITICAL COMPONENTS OF FIRMWARE ARCHITECT
URE
Firmware architecture contains six essential components – i.e., the OS, the kernel, device drivers, the chipset,
basic input/output system (BIOS), and application code. Let us discuss these firmware components in detail:
• Operating system
• Kernel
• Device drivers
• Chipset
• BIOS
• Application code
ADVANTAGES OF FRIMWARE

Firmware is essential for home appliances, network hardware, and most

electronic devices to work. Manufacturers provide firmware updates to
users to enable devices to continue running efficiently and securely.
Users can access firmware updates via the manufacturer’s website for
download. The following are advantages of firmware
SAVE COSTS

Nowadays, manufacturers often release improved consumer products

such as television sets and computers to keep up with their competitors
and improve their products’ quality. It is not rare to see manufacturers
develop next-generation models of televisions or PCs after launching
one. Upgraded models can feature bug fixes and improved resolutions to
enhance user experience.
BOOST PERFORMANCE

Firmware updates can lead to improved performances of various devices.

The firmware sends instructions to devices to allow them to function as
intended. During firmware updates, the firmware is optimized to perform
better, which in turn helps the device’s processor to fine-tune its
performance, improve consistency and enhance user experience. 
IMPROVE FEATURES AND SECURITY

The firmware enables most devices to work efficiently. Through

firmware upgrades, users can enjoy the latest features that manufacturers
provide without upgrading the hardware. Devices such as music players
get updates to enable them to play additional files. Televisions with
updated firmware experience better resolution that enhances user
experience.
What is JTAG? JTAG is an integrated method for
testing interconnects on printed
circuit boards (PCBs) that are
implemented at the integrated circuit
(IC) level.   Since its introduction as an
industry standard in 1990, JTAG has
continuously grown in adoption,
popularity, and usefulness—even today,
new revisions and supplements to the
IEEE Std.-1149.1 standard are being
developed and implemented.
JTAG Technology

JTAG is commonly referred to as boundary-scan and defined by the Institute of

Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) 1149.1, which originally began as an
integrated method for testing interconnects on printed circuit boards (PCBs)
implemented at the integrated circuit (IC) level. As PCBs grew in complexity and
density—a trend that continues today—limitations in the traditional test methods of
in-circuit testers (ICTs) and bed of nails fixtures became evident. Packaging formats,
specifically Ball Grid Array (BGA, depicted in Figure 1) and other fine pitch
components, designed to meet ever-increasing physical space constraints, also led to
a loss of physical access to signals.
History of In the 1980s, the Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) set
out to develop a specification for boundary-scan
JTAG testing that was standardized in 1990 as the IEEE Std.
1149.1-1990. A few years later in 1993, a new
revision to the standard—1149.1a—was introduced to
clarify, correct, and enhance the original specification.
An additional supplement, 1149.1b, was published in
1994 to add Boundary-Scan Description Language
(BSDL) to the standard, paving the way for fast,
automated test development and spurring continuous
adoption by major electronics producers all over the
world. The lessons that were learned became
formalized in an update to the core standard in 2001
and IEEE-1149.1-2001 was published.
How Does JTAG Work?

The JTAG/boundary-scan test architecture was originally developed as a method to

test interconnects between ICs mounted on a PCB without using physical test
probes. Boundary-scan cells created using multiplexer and latch circuits are
attached to each pin on the device. These cells, embedded in the device, can
capture data from pin or core logic signals as well as force data onto pins. Captured
data is serially shifted out through the JTAG Test Access Port (TAP) and can be
compared to expected values to determine a pass or fail result. Forced test data is
serially shifted into the boundary-scan cells. All of this is controlled from a serial
data path called the scan path or scan chain.
 JTAG for
Product Life- While JTAG/boundary-scan was
Cycle Phases originally regarded as a method to test
electronic products during the production
and phase, new developments and
Applications applications of the IEEE-1149.1 standard
have enabled the use of JTAG in many
other product life cycle phases. 
WEB APPLICATION DASBOARD
What is a dashboard in web
application?

• A website dashboard is an online report where your website data --

from ecommerce to web analytics -- is displayed.
What are the benefits of using a website dashboard?

• The main advantage is the amount of business intelligence you're able to generate, and this means you
can improve your content and web design to ensure that the user experience is driving sales and
conversions.
Data clarity
Real-time analytics
More accurate forecasting
More intuitive presentations
Increased accessibility and transparency
Better decision-making and problem solving
How to create a website dashboard

1.Define your audience and goals

2.Choose your data
3.Double-check your data
4.Choose your visualizations
5.Use a template
6.Keep it simple
7.Iterate and improve
Reasons You Need a Dashboard Web Application

• DYNAMIC VS. STATIC

• Some argue that a dashboard usually displays dynamic content that can
change in real-time, and that reports just bear static data.
INFORM MANAGEMENT

• Designing a web dashboard helps the company’s management reach

vital decisions faster and keep tabs on what’s happening in the
company overall. Are there specific KPIs that need closer attention?
Are we still on target to hit the yearly goals? 
What is the main purpose of
dashboard?
• The main use of a dashboard is to show a comprehensive overview of data from different sources. Dashboards are useful for
monitoring, measuring, and analyzing relevant data in key areas
• Use dashboards to measure things like:
• Customer metrics
• Financial information
• Sales information
• Web analytics
• Manufacturing information
• Human resources data
• Marketing performance
• Logistics information