Practical Research 1:
QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
DESIGNS
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students can:
1. Explain the meaning of research design
2. Compare and contrast various qualitative
research designs.
3. Choose the appropriate research design for your
study.
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DESIGN
- a plan or something that is
conceptualized by the mind.
- serves as the blueprint or a
skeletal framework of your
study
.
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A choice of a research design requires you
to finalize your mind on the purpose,
philosophical basis, and types of data of
your research including:
data collection
analyzing
interpretation
presentation
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Research design is a plan
that directs your mind to
several stages of your
research work. (De Mey 2013)
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Leedy and Omrod (2001) recommended
the following research designs:
1. Case Studies
2. Grounded theory
3. Ethnography
4. Content Analysis
5. Phenomenological studies
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1. CASE STUDY
describes a person, a thing, or any
creature on Earth for the purpose of
explaining the reasons behind the
nature of its existence
centers on an individual or single
subject matter
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1. CASE STUDY
collects data through interview,
observation and questionnaires
it has the capacity to deal with a lot of
factors to determine the unique
characteristics of the entity. (Meng
2013; Yin, 2012)
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2. ETHNOGRAPHY
involves a study of a certain
cultural group or organization.
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2. ETHNOGRAPHY
The researcher involves himself in
the group activities in order to obtain
knowledge about their
characteristics, organizational set-up,
and relation ships of the group
members.
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Comparison:
Ethnography requires your actual
participation in the group members’
activities while a case study treats
you, the researcher, as an outsider
whose role is just to observe the
group.
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3. HISTORICAL STUDY
determines the reasons for changes
or permanence of things in the
physical world in a certain period.
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3. HISTORICAL STUDY
it differs from other research
designs because of its scope:
- number of years covered
- kind of events focused on
- the extent of knew knowledge or
discoveries
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A clue about the scope of a historical study is usually
reflected by the title of the study.
Examples:
1. A Five-Year Study of the Impact of the K-12
Curriculum on the Philippine Employment System
2. The Rise and Fall of the Twenty-Year Reign of
Former Philippines President, Ferdinand E. Marcos
3. Filipino-Student Activism from the Spanish Era to
the Contemporary Period
4. Telephones from the Nuclear Era to the Digital Age
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3. HISTORICAL STUDY
Data collection techniques are:
a. biography or autobiography b.
reading documentary analysis
c. chronicling activities (interview
people to trace series of events)
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4. PHENOMENOLOGY
A phenomenon is something you experience
on Earth as a person. It is a sensory experience
that makes you perceive or understand things
that naturally occur in your life such as:
- death - caregiving
- joy - defeat
- friendship - victory
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4. PHENOMENOLOGY
- follows a research method that will
let you understand the ways of how
people go through inevitable events
in their lives
- collects data through unstructured
interview
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Comparison:
Phenomenology aims at getting a
thorough understanding of an individual’s
life experiences for this same person’s
realistic dealings with hard facts of life
while ethnography aims at defining,
describing, or portraying a certain group
of people possessing unique cultural traits.
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5. GROUNDED THEORY
- aims at developing a theory to increase your
understanding of something in a psycho-
social context
- enables the researchers to develop theories to
explain sociologically and psychologically
influenced phenomena for proper
identification of a certain educational
process.
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5. GROUNDED THEORY
- takes place in an inductive manner,
wherein one basic category of people’s
action and interactions gets related to a
second category; to third category; and so
on, until a new theory emerges from the
previous data.
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5. GROUNDED THEORY
Data collection is through formal,
informal, or semi-structured interview,
as well as analysis of written works,
notes, phone calls, meeting
proceedings, and training sessions.
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DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONs?
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Let’s do this!
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1. Spend half a year
living with the people in
Ilocos Norte.
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2. Have patience, time and
interest in listening to
battered wives and raped
victims.
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3. Know the extent of
Filipinos’ penchant for white-
collar jobs during the Spanish
era up to this period.
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4. Give a verbal account or
portrayal of the kindergarten
pupils of St. Paul College.
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5. Discover the reasons for
the excessive
aggressiveness of Dino
Cruz, a grade 4 pupil.
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