POLLINATION

-TYPES OF POLLINATION
-AGENTS OF POLLINATION
WHAT IS POLLINATION?
Concept map

The why The what The when

The how of
The where The who
pollination
What is Pollination ?

 Pollination is an essential part of plant reproduction. Pollen from

a flower’s anthers (the male part of the plant) rubs or drops onto
a pollinator. The pollinator then take this pollen to another
flower, where the pollen sticks to the stigma (the female part).
The fertilized flower later yields fruit and seeds.
What is pollination
Why is pollination important ?

 Pollination is important for a strong, healthy ecosystem. One in

three bites of food you eat depends on pollinators. Do you know
which foods depend on pollination? All of these and MORE!
Apples, Almonds, Oranges, Avocados, etc.
When does pollination take place ?

 Successful pollination requires year-round efforts. Plants

evolved with differing flowering times that decrease competition
among pollinators. Continuous blooms throughout the growing
season provide pollinators with a constant food supply.
 Cont`d
 Spring: Pollinators need early blooming plants to provide food
after hibernation or northern migrations. Bulbs, spring
ephemerals and spring blooming fruit trees are visited during
this time.

 Summer: Our gardens achieve their peak bloom when many

pollinators reach peak populations. The long days of summer
provide pollinators the maximum time to forage for nectar.
 Fall: Late blooming plants provide many pollinators with needed
fuel before hibernation or for the southern migrations of
pollinators like monarchs and hummingbirds.

 Winter: Even when there appears to be little to no activity,

pollinators are in the garden. Leave decaying plants alone—they
may be sheltering pollinating insects as they overwinter.
 Agents of Pollination
The agents or media which can transfer the pollen grains for pollination are
called the agents of pollination.

1. Air, water, animals and insects are the common agents of pollination.

2. Pollination by air: Light and dry pollen grains are carried by air to the
other plants.
Cont`d
1. Pollination by water: Pollen or the male flower is carried by water
current towards the female flower to pollinate.

2. Pollination by insects: The bright colors of corolla and nectar attract the

insects and pollen grains stick to the body of the insect which facilitates
pollination as it approaches another flower.

3. Pollination by animals: Animals and birds interact with the flowers

helping with pollination.
 Types of pollination

 They are two types of pollination

-self Pollination

-Cross Pollination
Exercise
 Use the diagram above to explain the process of cross-pollination and self-pollination
Self pollination

 The transfer of the pollen grain from the anther of a flower to the
stigma of the same flower in the same plant or to the different plant
which is genetically similar is called self pollination.

  Self-pollination can be observed in legumes such as orchids,

sunflowers, peas, peanuts, oats, peaches, potatoes, wheat, and others.
 Cross-Pollination
 The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one plant to the stigma of
another different plant is called cross-pollination. It is also called xenogamy. It
occurs with the help of external agents called pollinating agents.

 Because various flowers share and mix their genetic information to make distinct
offspring, this sort of pollination increases genetic variety. Pumpkins, grapes,
grasses, apples, maple trees, daffodils, and other plants are available. Flowers
with chasmogamous petals allow for cross-pollination.
The end