The Impulse

Momentum Equation
 The Newton’s second law of motion is Another way of looking at the equation
stated as F = ma
F = ma is as follows
 The Euler’s equations of motion were 𝒅𝑽 d(mV) =Change of Momentum
a = 𝒅𝒕
obtained by substituting 𝒅𝑽 𝒅(𝒎𝑽)
F=m = where mV = momentum
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕

F = ∑ ( Fp + Fg ) Force = Rate of change of momentum

m = ρdA ds F . dt = d(mV) = Impulse

𝟃𝑉 𝟃𝑉
a = 𝑽 𝟃𝑆+
𝟃𝑡 Fp = Pressure force and And this form of the equation is called
Where Fg = gravity force impulse momentum equation
 The Impulse
 Momentum = m.V
Momentum Equation
Y Momentum = m.V
 In a flowing fluid, mass is expressed
as mass flow rate (mass flux Ξ mass
per unit time) = ρQ

 Hence in fluid flow analysis,

Q
momentum flux is considered and not
momentum.
 ρQV = Mass per unit time x velocity
 Momentum Flux = ρQV
Q = U1A1 = U2A2
Momentum flux is the momentum
per unit time crossing a given section X
 The Impulse
Momentum Equation
Consider the stream tube as control
STEADY FLOW ‘Q’ volume. Let the c/s area be A1 and A2 at
Y
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW
inlet and outlet. Let the discharge be Q
Non Uniform Flow 2 and velocities V1 and V2

Momentum flux at inlet =

Q
ρQV1 Momentum flux at outlet =
ρQV
Change
2 of momentum per unit time

ρQV2 - ρQV1 = ρQ(V2 – V1) = ρQΔV

1 Q = U1A1 = U2A2
The Change of momentum per unit time
is Force
X F = ρQΔV