Civil Engineering Drawing

Architectural Drawing

Programme:
-Bachelor of Civil Engineering Technology (Building)
-Bachelor of Technology in Building Construction
Subject Code:
-BCA1023
OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, you will be able to :
i. Understand the use of Architectural Drawing
ii. Understand different views in Architectural Drawing
iii. Understand different types of Architectural Drawing
Introduction
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a
technical drawing of a building (or building project) that
falls within the definition of architecture
Architectural drawings are used by architects and others
for a number of purposes:
to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal
to communicate ideas and concepts
to convince clients of the merits of a design,
to enable a building contractor to construct it
as a record of the completed work, and
to make a record of a building that already exists.
Architectural drawings are drawn according to a set of
conventions
The conventions include particular views (floor plan,
section etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement and
scales, annotation and cross referencing
Views in Architectural Drawing
FLOOR PLAN
 A floor plan is the most fundamental architectural
diagram, a view from above showing the arrangement of
spaces in building in the same way as a map, but showing
the arrangement at a particular level of a building
 Technically it is a horizontal section cut through a building
(conventionally at three feet / one metre above floor level),
showing walls, windows and door openings and other
features at that level. The plan view includes anything that
could be seen below that level: the floor, stairs (but only up
to the plan level), fittings and sometimes furniture.
SITE PLAN
 A site plan is a specific type of plan, showing the whole
context of a building or group of buildings. A site plan
shows property boundaries and means of access to the
site, and nearby structures if they are relevant to the
design.
 Site plans are commonly used to represent a building
proposal prior to detailed design: drawing up a site
plan is a tool for deciding both the site layout and the
size and orientation of proposed new buildings
ELEVATION
 An elevation is a view of a building seen from one side,
a flat representation of one façade. This is the most
common view used to describe the external
appearance of a building
 Geometrically, an elevation is a horizontal
orthographic projection of a building on to a vertical
plane, the vertical plane normally being parallel to one
side of the building.
CROSS SECTION
A cross section, also simply called a section, represents a vertical
plane cut through the object, in the same way as a floor plan is a
horizontal section viewed from the top.
In the section view, everything cut by the section plane is shown as a
bold line, often with a solid fill to show objects that are cut through,
and anything seen beyond generally shown in a thinner line
Sections are used to describe the relationship between different
levels of a building
Geometrically, a cross section is a horizontal orthographic
projection of a building on to a vertical plane, with the vertical
plane cutting through the building.
DETAIL DRAWING
 Detail drawings show a small part of the construction at a
larger scale, to show how the component parts fit together.
 They are also used to show small surface details, for
example decorative elements.
 Section drawings at large scale are a standard way of
showing building construction details, typically showing
complex junctions (such as floor to wall junction, window
openings, eaves and roof apex) that cannot be clearly
shown on a drawing that includes the full height of the
building.
Types of Architectural Drawing
PRESENTATION DRAWING
• Drawings intended to explain a scheme and to promote its
merits.
• Working drawings may include tones or hatches to
emphasize different materials, but they are diagrams, not
intended to appear realistic.
• Basic presentation drawings typically include people,
vehicles and trees, taken from a library of such images, and
are otherwise very similar in style to working drawings.
• Rendering is the art of adding surface textures and shadows
to show the visual qualities of a building more realistically
SURVEY DRAWING
Measured drawings of existing land, structures and
buildings.
Architects need an accurate set of survey drawings as a
basis for their working drawings, to establish exact
dimensions for the construction work.
Surveys are usually measured and drawn up by
specialist land surveyors
WORKING DRAWING
 A comprehensive set of drawings used in a building
construction project: these will include not only
architect's drawings but structural and services
engineer's drawings etc. Working drawings logically
subdivide into location, assembly and component
drawings
 Location drawings, also called general arrangement
drawings, include floor plans, sections and elevations:
they show where the construction elements are
located.
 Assembly drawings show how the different parts are
put together. For example a wall detail will show the
layers that make up the construction, how they are
fixed to structural elements, how to finish the edges of
openings, and how prefabricated components are to be
fitted.
 Component drawings enable self-contained elements
e.g. windows and doorsets, to be fabricated in a
workshop, and delivered to site complete and ready for
installation.
 Traditionally, working drawings would typically
combine plans, sections, elevations and some details
to provide a complete explanation of a building on one
sheet.