UNIT 20

TRADE
 Group 20

Erlisa Nuraini Marvel Luviano Taylor

01 (021122076)
03 (021122077)

Eva Adrian Rivaldiano. M

02 (021122078)
04 (021121198)
 Starting Up

A. Think of some the things you own (for example, shoes, TV, car). Which are imported?
Where were they made?
Answer :

B. What are your country’s major imports and export’s? Do you think products made in
your country are better than products made in other countries?
Answer :
 C. Place these countries on the chart below. Then compare your chart with a partner
Brazil France Germany Greece Italy Japan
Russia Singapore UK USA Your country

Rich in natural resources

USA
Brazil
Amerika Serikat
Low GDP* per capita High GDP* per capita

Poor in natural resources

D. Why are some of the countries on the chart richer than others?
Answer :
 Vocabulary
A. Use the words in the box to complete the table. Use a good dictionary to help you
Barries Dumping Protectionsm Quotas Open Tariffs Laisser-faire Deregulation
borders

Free port Strategic Liberalise Subsidise Infant Restrictions Customs

industries industries

Answer :

In favour of free trade Against free tarde

 B. Discuss these questions
1. Is free trade always a good thing?
2. Do you think it lead to the creation of jobs, or to unemployment?
3. Should certain industries be protected? If so, which?

C. Match the first halves of the sentences to the second halves

a) all regulations if you want the delivery to

1. We’re trying o break into (e) go through without problems
2. You should carry out (d) b) the delivery date, let us know soon as
possible
3. If you would like to place (f)
c) insurance cover for the shipment
4. If you can’t meet (b)
d) a market survey before you make a major
5. They’ve quoted (g) investment
6. Let us know if you want us to arrange ( c)
e) the Japanese market
7. It’s essential to comply with (a)
f) an order, dial one now
g) us a very good price for the consignment
D. Find verb + noun partnerships in the sentences above. For example, to break into a market.
Which of them is normally done by the :
1. exporter? 2. importer? 3. exporter and importer?
Answer :
 Reading
A. Read the letter on the opposite page and complete the application form below

B. Answer these questions

1. When will the seller receive payment for the goods?
2. What information must be included in the letter of credit?
3. Who will pay for the cost of transporting the cases of wine?
4. What does Vivian Eastwood want Denise Morgan to send her?
C. You own a wine business in Slovenia. You decide to write to connoisseur because you want to
become a distributor for them in your county.
Match the halves of the sentences below. Them use them to write the letter. Describe the benefits your
company can offer, and give references.
a) distributing high quality wines

1. Our company is a (d) b) we could discuss the rate of commission

2. we specialize in (a)
3. We have contacts (i)
4. Our sales network (c)
5. We have four warehouse (j)
6. We would be willing to
7. We would appreciate it if
8. If you are interested in our offer (b)
9. We can supply references
10. We hope you will (g)
and your ters of payment later
c) is one of the biggest in the country
d) well-known and reputable firm with
many years’ experience
e) we could be appointed your sole
distributor
(h)
f) from a bank and our local Chamber of
(e) Commerce
g) accept our offer and we look forward to
hearing from you soon
h) share the costs of an advertising
(f) campaign to promote your wines
I) with major retail outlets throughout the
country
j) located in Slovenia’s major cities
 Focused Practice
1 DISCOVER THE GRAMMAR

People have different opinions about public issues. Read each statement of opinion. Then choose
the sentence ( a or b) that summarizes that opinion.
1. Teenagers are responsible enough to stay out past 10:00 P.M
a. Teenagers should have permission to stay out past 10:00 P.M
b. Teenagers shouldn’t have permission to stay out past 10:00 P.M

2. Teenagers are too immature to vote

a. Teenagers should be able to vote
b. Teenagers shouldn’t be able to vote

3. Women are strong enough to be good soldiers

a. Women can be good soldiers
b. Women can’t be good soldiers

4. Children are mature enough to choose which parent to live with

a. Children can choose which parent to live with
b. Children can’t choose which parent to live with

5. Teenagers are responsible enough to use the Internet without censorship

a. Teenagers can use the Internet without censorship
b. Teenagers cant’s use the Internet without censorship
6. Adults are too afraid of change to listen to children’s ideas
a. Adults can listen to children’s ideas
b. Adults can’t listen to children’s ideas

7. People with disabilities have worked too hard to give up he fight for equal rights
a. People with disabilities can give up he fight for equal rights
b. People with disabilities can’t give up he fight for equal rights

8. At age seventy, people are not too old to work

a. At age seventy, people can work
b. At age seventy, people can work
2 CAN YOU GET BY?

a. The buttons are too high for him to

reach (5)
b. The buttons are low enough (4)
c. The steps are too steep for him to get
up (2)
d. The box is too heavy (7)
e. The street is too busy for them to
cross (1)
f. The traffic is low enough for them to
cross (8)
g. She’s too old to join the army (6)
h. She is too young to vote (9)
i. She is old enough to vote (3)
 3 CURFEW!
Some teenagers are leaving a concert. Complete their conversations. Use the word in
parentheses with the infinitive and too or enough
1. A: Phish is so cool! Did you catch what Mike Gordon said in that last song?
B: No. the guitar was too loud for me to hear the words. (loud /me / hear)

2. A: They’re playing in Hampton Stadium next month

B: Let’s go. The tickets are cheap enough for us to afford. (cheap / us / afford)

3. A: I don’t think the Stadium has wheelchair acces yet

B: We’ll sit on the grass. This concert is going to be too good for you to miss. (good / you / miss)

4. A: It’s 9:30. Do we have ime to get a slice of pizza?

B: No. It’s too late to stop. (late / stop)

5. A: I hate this curfew!

B: Me too! I hink we’re too old to stay out past 10:00! (old / stay)

6. A: Where’s Kyle to night?

B: Working. He didn’t get out enough early to come. (early / come )

7. A: The ew recreation center just opened. Do you want to play basketball tomorrow?
B: Sure. But I’m still too slow to beat you! (slow / beat)

8. A: We can take y car. My brother repaired it today

B:Ummm. Is that thing really enough safe for drive ? (safe / drive)
4 EDITING
Read this student’s jounal entry. Find and correct six mistake in the use of infinitives with
too or enough. The first mistake is already corrected

1. to sleep

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.
 Review or Selftest
I. Complete the conversation. Use the prepositions in the box and the gerund from of the verbs in
parentheses
for to in without by about

A: Carla, your English is just great. How did you lern so quickly?
B: By using some special strategies 1. (use)

A: Like what?
B: Well, first I got used …. my time. I scheduled time … television and writing letters in English to
my pen pal. 2.(play) 3. (watch)

A: How did you practice speaking?

B: At first I was very nervous …. English. I had to learn to talk …. About mistakes. I used deep
breathing exercises and music to calm myself down. 4. (speak) 5. (worry)

A: What else helped you relax?

B: Jokes. I got interested … jokes in English. That way I always had something to say, and I also
learned a lot about American culture. 6. (learn)
 II. Complete each conversation with the correct phrase in parentheses

1. A: Let’s go jogging.
B: I don’t know. You always run too fast for me to keep up with you. (too fast / fast enough)
A: Ok. Let’s go swimming,then.

2. A: Why did I get an F on this paper?

B: Your handwriting was too messy For me to read. (messy enough / too messy)
A: Then how did you know the answers were wrong?

3. A: Have you tried the coffee?

B: I will a minute, it’s not cool enough to drink yet. (too cool / not cool enough)

4. A: This steak is too enough to eat. (too tough / tough enough)

B: Send it back and ask for something else.

5. A: John Didn’t make the soccer team.

B: Why not? He’s a good player.
A: But the doesn’t play aggressively enough to win. (too aggressively / aggressively enough)

6. A: What did the forecaster say about thundersroms?

B: I’m not sure. The radio wasn’t loud enough for me to hear. (loud enough / too loud )
 III. Complete the paragraph with the correct from of the verbs in the box. Choose between the
gerund or the infinitive of purpose

drink eat feel follow give up quit read

reward save shop smoke take tell

Cigarettes. They’re bad for your health. Your doctor recommends 1. quitting. Your friends keep 2. teel
you to stop. Even your dry cleaner suggests that you stop 3. smoke (He says you burned holes in your suit
jacket.). You want to stop, but 4. give up an old habit is difficult. 5.follow these suggestions can help.
• List your reasons for quiting. Are you quiting 6. feel. Better? 7. save money? Keep your list nearby 8.
read when you want a cigarette.
• Stop 9. drink coffee and tea. Caffeine causes people to want a cigarete.
• When you feel the desire to light up, put it off for five minutes. Use the time 10. take some deep breaths.
The urge will pass quickly.
• Avoid 11. eat big meals for a few weeks.
• Save the money that you aren’t spending on cigarettes. Go 12. shop for something special 13.
reward. Yourself for your success. If you follow the suggestions, it shouldn’t be too hard to give up this
unhealthy habit.
 IV. Complete the conversation by writing the words and pharases in parenthese in the correct
order

A: Why are so many people starting home-based businesses?

B: In offices, work hours are often 1. too long for people to spend time with their failies.

A: What are some keys to home business success?

B: Networking is one. 2. It’s necessary to join Organizations. Afer yo join, you must 3. participate enough to get
to know a lot of people. But don’t get 4. too busy to call people who sound interested in your product.

A: Do business owners really work fewer hours?

B: No, they work more. But they can arrange their time. Their hours 5. are flexible enough from them to have
family time, too.

A: What do you warn new business owners about?

B: I 6. advise them to think about their privacy. Remember, the business phone is always going to ring in the
middle of the family dinner. Also, 7. it’s important to know about) the loneliness of working alone, especially
when you’re used to a big office.

A: Anything else?
B: Home business owners often find that they don’t get paid 8…. (for/ enough/ to pay/ soon/ them) their own
bills. In my seminars, I teach strategies for getting paid on time.
 IV. Complete the conversation by writing the words and pharases in parenthese in the correct
order

A: What kind of home business are people starting?

B: Well, as I said, a lot of working people are 9. too busy to take care of ceratain family responsibilities anymore.
Many home-based business supply services like shopping and planning parties.

A: You mean, someone will pay me for shopping?

B: Sure. In fact, I 10. encourage you to start planning your own shopping business. My calss for new business
owners starts next week.
 V. Circle the letter of the correct answer to complete each sentence.

1. Tom is late because he stopped .......... dinner.

(A) buying (B) buy (C) and buy (D) to buy

2. My keys werw in y pocket, but I don’tremember ………. them there.

(A) to put (B) putting (C) I put (D) to put

3. Bob’s seventeen years old, so he’s stil ……….. vote.

(A) too young to (B) young enough to (C) too old to (D) too young for

4. I bought a Datalator ……… my appointments.

(A) by organizing (B) I organized (C) to organize (D) organize

5. ………. Everything in advance, Sandra finished the project quickly.

(A) To plan (B) By planning (C) She plans (D) Planned

6. Chris ………. , so her grades are low this semester.

(A) stopped studying (B) stopping to study (C) stopped tp study (D) was stopping to study
 V. Circle the letter of the correct answer to complete each sentence.

7. As military officers, women work ………. the job done.

(A) hardly get (B) too hard to get (C) not enough to get (D) hard enogh to get

8. He’s used ………. a big breakfast.

(A) ate (B) to eat (C) to eating (D) eats

9. I used to be very nervous ………., but I’m not anymore.

(A) to drive (B) for driving (C) to driving (D) about driving

10. I forgot ………. my check, so I paid the rent twice this month.
(A) mailed (B) to mail (C) mailing (D) I mail

11. Sal enjoyed ………. in Texas.

(A) live (B) to live (C) living (D) lived
VI. Complete the interview with the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs in paentheses
VII. Each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the
sentence are marked A, B, C, or D. Circle of the one underlined word pr phrase that is NOT
CORRECT
From Grammar to Writing Combining Sentences with and, but, so, or
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