TECHNICAL TERMS

IN RESEARCH
Fourth Quarter
• is an organized and
systematic way of finding
answers to questions.
• an activity involved in
seeking answer to
unanswered questions. It
seeks to generate an answer
to the problems as well as
suggesting additional
questions in need of further
inquiry.
• a piece of academic writing
that provides analysis,
interpretation, and argument
based on in-depth independent
research.
• is a method of organizing,
sorting, and scrutinizing data
in such a way that a research
question can be answered or
meaningful inferences can be
drawn.
 • is a list of all the sources used
Bibliography in the process of researching.
• refers to a mental idea of a
phenomenon. These are words or terms
that symbolize some aspects of reality.
e. g. love, pain.
• provides a summary of the
research.
• is an information that can be
words or numbers.
• refer to the devices/
instruments used to collect
data such as questionnaire or
computer- assisted
interviewing system.
• involves the use of a variety
of different graphical
techniques.
• is a research design that
describes “what is”( e.g. a
survey)
• is the brief form of the reference
included in the body of one’s work
• are restrictions in a study that may
decrease the credibility and
generalizability of the research
findings.
• is a critical summary or research on a
topic of interest, generally prepared to
put a research problem in context or to
identify gaps and weaknesses in prior
studies so as to justify a new
investigation.
• is the unethical practice of using
words or ideas of another
author/researcher without proper
acknowledgement.
• is the process of collecting
and analyzing numerical data
• is a set of questions used to
gather information in a survey.
• is a subject or issue that a
researcher is interested in
when conducting a research.
• are those persons who have
been invited to participate in a
particular study and have
actually taken part in the study.
• is a part or subset of population
selected to participate in the research
study.
• includes age, sex, education,
migration, background and
ethnicity, religious affiliation,
marital status, household,
employment, and income.
• are attributes or characteristics that
can have more than one value, such
as height or weight. These are
qualities or quantities, properties or
characteristics of people, things, or
situations that change or vary
• variables that are purposely
manipulated or changed by the
researcher. It is also called as
“Manipulated Variable”.
• variables that depend on other
factors that are measured.
These variables are expected to
change as a result of an
experimental manipulation of
the independent variable or
variables.
However, there are terms in research that are abbreviated, these are
the Latin words and Non-English structures. Some of these
commonly used Latin terminologies in research are the following:

• Etc. et cetera- It means “and so on”.

• E.g. exempli gratia- It means “for example”, literally, it means
“free as an example”.
• et al. et alii- It means “and others”.
• ib/ibid. ibedem. It means “in the same passage or page quoted
above.” Literally, it means “in the same place”