Normal Distribution

A Normal Distribution
Normal Distribution Curve
1.The total area under the curve is equal to 1 (100%) .
2.About 68% of the area under the curve falls within 1
standard deviation.
3. About 95% of the area under the curve falls within 2
standard deviations.
4. About 99.7% of the area under the curve falls within
3 standard deviations.
 
 Normal Distribution

Properties:
 1. Bell-shaped curve
 2. The mean, median and
mode are equal. -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
 3. It is unimodal.
 4. It is symmetrical about the mean.
 5. It is continuous.
 6. It is asymptotic to the x-axis.
 7. The total area under the curve is 1.00 or 100%
Many Normal Distributions

There are an infinite number of normal curves

By varying mean and standard deviation, we obtain

different normal distributions
7-6

The Standard Normal

Distribution
 A normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of
1 is called the standard normal distribution.

 Z value: The distance between a selected value, designated X, and

the population mean  , divided by the population standard
deviation, 

X 
Z

Finding the area under the
Standard Normal Instructions
Given Curve
Between zero and any
number
Between two positives, or
Between two negatives
Between a negative and a
positive
Less than a negative, or
Greater than a positive
Greater than a negative, or
Less than a positive
Look up the area in the table
Look up both areas in the table
and subtract the smaller from
the larger.
Look up both areas in the table
and add them together
Look up the area in the table
and subtract from 0.5000
Look up the area in the table
and add to 0.5000
The Z-Table

Find the area between 0 and Cumulative Standard Normal

0.31. (0 ≤ Z ≤ 0.31) Distribution Table (Portion)

Z .00 .01 0.2

.1217 0.0 .0000 .0040 .0080

0.1 .0398 .0438 .0478

0.2 .0793 .0832 .0871

Z  .31 0.3 .1179 .1217 .1255

Shaded Area
Exaggerated
Find the area under the standard normal curve…
1. between Z=0 and Z=1.37

0 1.37

Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.37)
= 0.4147
 Find the area under the standard normal curve…
2. between Z= - 0.96 and Z=0

-.96 0 0 .96

Area (-0.96 ≤ Z ≤ 0)
Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 0.96)
Area between Z= - 0.96 and Z=0 0.3315
 Find the area under the standard normal curve…
3.between Z= 0.23 and
Z=1.65

0
.23 1.65

Area (0.23 ≤ Z ≤ 1.65) Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.65) - Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 0.23)

0.4505 – 0.0910
Area (0.23 ≤ Z ≤ 1.65) 0.3595
 Find the area under the standard normal curve…
4.between Z= -2.59 and Z=-
1.45

-1.45 0 0 1.45
-2.59 2.59

Area (-2.59 ≤ Z ≤ -1.45) Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 2.59) - Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.45)

0.4952-0.4265
Area (-2.59 ≤ Z ≤ -1.45) 0.0687
 Find the area under the standard normal curve…
5.between Z= -1.31 and
Z=1.57
A1
A2

0
-1.31 1.57
Area (-1.31 ≤ Z ≤ 1.57) A1 + A2
Area (-1.31 ≤ Z ≤ 0) +Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.57)
Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.31) + Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.57)

0.4049 + 0.4418
Area (-1.31 ≤ Z ≤ 1.57) 0.8467
 Find the area under the standard normal curve…
6.between Z= -0.35 and
Z=2.01
A1
A2

0
-0.35 2.01
A1 + A2
Area (-0.35 ≤ Z ≤ 2.01)
Area (-0.35 ≤ Z ≤ 0) +Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 2.01)
Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 0.35) + Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 2.01)
0.1368+ 0.4778
Area (-0.35 ≤ Z ≤ 2.01) 0.6146
Find the area under the standard normal curve…
7. to the left of Z = -2.25

-2.25 0

Area (Z ≤-2.25) .5000 – Area (-2.25 ≤ Z ≤ 0)

.5000 – Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 2.25)
.5000 – 0.4878

Area (Z ≤-2.25) 0.0122

Find the area under the standard normal curve…
8. to the right of Z=1.30

0 1.30

Area (Z ≥1.30) .5000 – Area (0≤ Z ≤ 1.30)

.5000 – 0.4032

Area (Z ≤-2.25) 0.0968

Find the area under the standard normal curve…
9. to the left of Z=1.73

A1
A2

0 1.73
Area (Z ≤ 1.73) A1 + A2

0.5000 +Area (0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.73)

0.5000 + 0.4582
Area (Z ≤ 1.73) 0.9582
Find the area under the standard normal curve…
10. to the right of Z=-0.32

A1
A2

0
-0.32
Area (Z ≥-0.32) A1 + A2

Area (-0.32≤ Z ≤ 0) + 0.5000

Area (0≤ Z ≤ 0.32) + 0.5000

0.1255 + 0.5000
Area (Z ≥-0.32)
0.6255
 SEATWORK:
Determine the area under standard
normal curve: (Choose 5 items only)
1. Between z= 0 and 1.96
2. Between z= -1.53 and 0
3. To the right of z= 0.71
4. To the left of z = -2.12
5. Between z= 1.08 and 2.96
6. Between z= -1.3 and 0.99
7. Greater than or equal to z =1.00
8. Less than or equal to z= -1.54
In the final examination in Mathematics the
mean grade was 82 and the standard deviation
was 8. In English the mean grade was 86 and
standard deviation was 10. Joseph scored 88 in
Mathematics and 92 in English. In which his
standing higher?
If the score is normally distributed
with a mean of 30 and standard
deviation of 5, what percent of the
score:
If the score is normally distributed
with a mean of 30 and standard
deviation of 5, what percent of the
score:
 Normal
Distribution as
Probabilities
7-6

Steps in solving the

problem given X.
1. Restate as a probability problem.
2. Sketch the area you are looking for
3. Find the z-score.
4. Locate the z-score on the unit normal table.
5. Select or compute the appropriate probability and
answer the question.

X 
Z 

 1. If the scores for the Statistics exam are normally distributed
and has a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.
What is the probability of scoring higher than 750 on the exam?

Given:   500   100 X  750

a. P(X >750) d. P(Z >2.50)
b. =.5000 – Area (0≤ Z ≤ 2.50)

.= 5000 – 0.4938

2.5
-3200 -2300 -1400 500
0 600 +2
+1 700 +3
800ZX
= 0.0062
X  750  500
c. Z  P(Z >2.50) = 0.0062
 100
Z  2.50
 2. If the scores for the Statistics exam are normally distributed
and has a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.
What is the probability of scoring between 400 and 600?

Given:   500   100 X  400 & 600

a. P(400<X <600) d. P(-1<Z <1)
b. = P(-1<X<0) + P(0<X<1)

.= 0.3413 + 0.3413

-1 1
-3200 -2300 -1400 500
0 600 +2
+1 700 +3
800ZX
= 0.6826
400  500
Z  1
c. 100
P(-1<Z<1) = 0.6826
600  500
Z 1
100
Problem Set
1. A researcher studies the diesel consumption of
traditionally manufactured motorcycles sold in
the Philippines . The data taken at random and
normally distributed resulted to an average
consumption of 25 kilometers in a liter and a
standard deviation of 3 kilometers.
What percentage of the motorcycle consumes
a. 29 or more kilometers in a liter?
b. between 19 to 22 kilometer in a liter?
Problem Set
2.) 800 students took an examination
in Statistics, the mean score obtained
is 80% with the standard deviation of
6%. Assume the data is normally
distributed. Find the percentage and
number of students who obtained:
a.) 83% or higher
b.) 75% to 86%
References

Bluman, A. (2017). Elementary Statistics: A Step By Step

Approach (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill
Education.