Git Sysml Part 1 Cae Models

GIT SysML Work Update
Part 0: Overview
Part 1: Representing Executable Physics-based CAE Models in SysML
Russell.Peak@gatech.edu
Presenter
Diego.Tamburini@gatech.edu
Chris.Paredis@gatech.edu
GIT Product & System Lifecycle Management (PSLM) Center
www.pslm.gatech.edu
Presentation to
OMG Systems Engineering
Domain-Specific Interest Group (SE DSIG)
December 6, 2005
Burlingame, California
Copyright 1992-2005 by Georgia Tech Research Corporation, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0415 USA. All Rights Reserved.
Permission to reproduce and distribute without changes for non-commercial purposes (including internal corporate usage) is hereby granted provided this notice and a proper citation are included.
v. 2005-12-28
Copyright 2005
2
Acknowledgements
Sponsors:
NASA, NIST
http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/
GIT Team:
Manas Bajaj, Injoong Kim, Raphael Kobi, Chris Paredis,
Russell Peak, Diego Tamburini, Miyako Wilson
Other Collaborators:
Roger Burkhart (Deere), Alan Moore et al. (Artisan),
Sandy Friedenthal (LMCO)
Copyright 2005
3
Resources
GIT SysML resources
Main web
http://www.pslm.gatech.edu/topics/sysml/
Presentations
http://www.marc.gatech.edu/events/pde2005/presentations/
See Presentations 1.1 and 1.2 (includes webcast video archive)
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/seminars-etc/2005-09-omg-se-dsig-peak/
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/seminars-etc/2005-12-omg-se-dsig-peak/
See also videos showing SysML-driven CAE execution (via COB interfaces)
http://eislab.gatech.edu/tmp/sysml/2005-12-06-burlingame/

Related GIT techniques
Composable objects
http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/nasa-ngcobs/
Multi-representation architecture (MRA)
for simulation templates and CAD-CAE interoperability
http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/dai/
Copyright 2005
4
Part 0: Overview
Presentation purpose = overview recent progress:
Validation: executability of SysML parametrics
Usage for SysML-driven CAE execution (math and FEA solvers)
Usage for knowledge capture & usage:
relations and intent in design & analysis
Development: further examples

Part 1: Representing Executable Physics-based
CAE Models in SysML (Peak, Tamburini, et al.)
See below
Part 2: SysML-based Reference Models for
Fluid Power Components (Paredis, et al.)
See GIT_SysML_Part_2_Fluid_Pwr_Ref_Models.ppt
Copyright 2005
5
SysML-based Examples by GIT

Test Cases
Introductory tutorials (A)
Triangle
Spring systems
Simulation template
tutorials (A, B)
Simulation building blocks
Mechanical CAD & CAE: flap link
Space systems: FireSat satellite
Fluid power & system dynamics (C) -- see Part 2
Electrical/mechanical CAD & CAE
Model train (for Mechatronics pilot)
Racing bike

Tool Interfaces
A. Math solvers:
1. Mathematica
B. Finite element analysis
(FEA) solvers:
1. Ansys
C. Dynamics solvers:
1. Modelica/Dymola

= Primary Updates since 9/2005 OMG Meeting
Note: The SysML notation used in these slides roughly corresponds to SysML draft v0.9 plus more recent updates (approximately R. Burkhart blocks inputs as contained
in SysML spec v0.98 by SST) and experimental variations. We intend to update these examples with the final official notation when v1.0 that becomes available.
Copyright 2005
6
Status of Our SysML Examples - p.1/2
2005-12-06
1. About the SysML notation used in these slides
1. It roughly corresponds to a ~9/2005 form of the blocks-based
parametrics & structure approach developed by R. Burkhart et al.
1. This approach was updated & provided to both SysML teams 11/2005
2. The SST SysML v0.98 draft spec adopted this approach, whereas
the SP SysML v1.0a draft spec adopted a collaborations-based approach
2. We recently received a SysML tool that corresponds to the v.0.98 spec.
We hope to update these examples and solver interfaces accordingly
in the near future.
2. SST SysML v0.98 vs. our current examples:
1. Block properties should be shown as small boxes flush with block boundaries vs. our current
overlapping style
2. Bindings between regular blocks and constraint blocks should show their role names (as binding
identifiers) vs. our current elision
3. Instances should be underlined vs. our current underlining omission
(see also note below about instance causality)
3. Other notes
1. We hope to include the following notation in future versions (they are not required by the
current specs, but we believe they will enhance parametric diagram usefulness):
1. Include symbols and subscripts for properties per traditional engineering notation
1. E.g., spring constant in spring 1: k
1

2. Include relation expressions in constraint blocks in terms of their bound properties
(continued next page)
Copyright 2005
7
Status of Our SysML Examples - p.2/2
3. Other notes (continued)
1. In these examples we tested the following notation or practices on an experimental basis
to see if they might be useful:
1. We distinguished parametric diagrams used for defining a block (par-d) vs. those used to capture instances
(par-i) of that block. Similar suffixes may be useful for definitional vs. instance use of all SysML diagrams.
2. We have a library of constraint blocks representing specific commonly used expressions (e.g., a=b+c,
a**2=b**2+c**2, etc.) that can be utilized in composing other blocks. To represent specialized relations, we
tried defining a generic algebraic constraint block in this library, which can be redefined wherever it is used.
In future versions we will likely replace this generic algebraic relation with relations defined in the context of
the blocks that use them.
3. We implemented equality relations as usages of an explicit a=b constraint block. We will likely replace such
cases with binding relations in the future.
4. We used a black dot graphical symbol to denote true junctions where equality relations intersect (e.g., as a
shorthand for a set of relations like a=b, a=c, a=d, and a=e). This approach is similar to that used with
electrical schematics and a Manhattan routing style. It enables cleaner and more compact diagram layout.
5. We depict instance-level causality in the Triangular Prism example using a double-lined box to indicate the
primary desired result (and red italics to indicate other ancillary results).
2. We did the following to enable our constraint manager, XaiTools, to process SysML parametrics
(which provides subsequent solver execution using COTS math and FEA tools):
1. Added stereotypes to denote composable object (COBs) constructs: git-schema, git-use-from, etc.
2. Added stereotypes to denote the patterns defined in our multi-representation architecture (MRA) approach
for CAD-CAE interoperability: apm, cbam, abb, smm
3. Handled reference properties (e.g., flap link material) via ad-hoc associations (this is due to a limitation in
XaiTools we hope to resolve in the near future).
Copyright 2005
8
Contents - Part 1
Purpose
CAD-CAE simulation template background
MCAD-MCAE benchmark example: flap link
Modularity & reusability
Executable SysML parametrics (math, FEA)
Summary
Recommended prerequisites
Triangle tutorial
Spring systems tutorial
Copyright 2005
9
GIT SysML Involvement - Overall Purpose
Collaborate within SE DSIG:
composable object (COB) concepts SysML
(esp. SysML parametrics)
Leverage COB-based simulation template work
to demonstrate and verify SysML capabilities
CAD-CAE interoperability
Systems-of-systems (SoS) knowledge representations
...

For further background and GIT SysML work-to-date:
- See SE DSIG minutes/archives - Atlanta - 9/2005 - http://syseng.omg.org/
- http://www.pslm.gatech.edu/topics/sysml/

Copyright 2005
10
Contents - Part 1
Purpose
Leveraging test cases from existing work
See http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/dai/
Summary
Recommended prerequisites (backup slides)
Triangle tutorial
Copyright 2005
11
Test Cases
Triangle
Spring systems
Simulation template
tutorials (A, B)
Racing bike

Tool Interfaces
A. Math solvers:
1. Mathematica
(FEA) solvers:
1. Ansys
1. Modelica/Dymola

See slide entitled Status of Our SysML Examples regarding spec version used in these examples, and so on.
12 Engineering Information Systems Lab + eislab.gatech.edu 1993-2005 GTRC
Triangle
d h
A b
Triangle
d h
A b
COB Structure: Graphical Forms
Tutorial: Right Triangle
Basic Constraint Schematic-S Notation
c. Constraint Schematic-S
a. Shape Schematic-S
2 2 2
2
1
:
2
1
:
h b d r
bh A r
+ =
=
b. Relations-S
d. Subsystem-S
(for reuse by other COBs)
h
b
A
d
base, b
r1
r2
bh A
2
1
=
height, h
2 2 2
h b d + =
area, A
diagonal, d
Aside: This is a usage view in AP210 terminology
(vs. the above design views)
s
a b
d c
a
b
d
c
e
r1
[1.2]
[1.1]
f g
c b e =
r2
h
w
L [ j:1,n]
w
j
s
a b
d c
a
b
d
c
e
r1
[1.2]
[1.1]
f g
c b e =
r2
h
w
L [ j:1,n]
w
j
variable a subvariable a.d
subsystem s
of cob type h
equality relation
e = f
relation r1(a,b,s.c)
subvariable s.b
option 1.1:
f = s.d
option 1.2:
f = g
option category 1
aggregate c.w
element w
j
subsystem s
of cob type h
equality relation
e = f
subvariable s.b
option 1.1:
f = s.d
option 1.2:
f = g
option category 1
aggregate c.w
element w
j
COB = composable object
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

COB Structure (cont.): Lexical Form
for reference: c. Constraint Schematic-S
e. Lexical COB Structure (COS)
COB triangle SUBTYPE_OF geometric_shape;
base, b : REAL;
height, h : REAL;
diagonal, d : REAL;
area, A : REAL;
RELATIONS
r1 : "<area> == 0.5 * <base> * <height>";
r2 : "<diagonal>**2 == <base>**2 + <height>**2";
END_COB;
base, b
r1
r2
bh A
2
1
=
height, h
2 2 2
h b d + =
area, A
diagonal, d
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

Right Triangle Implemented
using SysML Blocks and Parametrics
SysML Parametric Diagram
Note: The outmost block should be depicted as a frame (of type par),
as in conformant flap_link examples elsewhere in this presentation.
Triangular
Prism
V h
b
l
COBs as Building Blocks
Tutorial: Triangular Prism COB Structure
b. Relations-S
d. Subsystem-S
Triangle
d h
A b
Triangle
d h
A b
length, l volume, V
r1
Al V =
cross-section
Al V r = :
1
e. Lexical COB Structure (COS)
COB triangular_prism SUBTYPE_OF geometric_shape;
length, l : REAL;
cross-section : triangle;
volume, V : REAL;
RELATIONS
r1 : "<volume> == <cross-section.area> * <length>";
END_COB;
h
b
V
l
A
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

Triangular Prism Implemented
3 in
2
2 in
3 in
base, b
r1
r2
bh A
2
1
=
height, h
2 2 2
h b d + =
area, A
diagonal, d
3.60 in
Example COB Instance
Constraint Schematic-I Lexical COB Instance (COI)
state 1.0 (unsolved):
INSTANCE_OF triangle;
base : 2.0;
height : 3.0;
area : ?;
diagonal : ?;
END_INSTANCE;

state 1.1 (solved):
base : 2.0;
height : 3.0;
area : 3.0;
diagonal : 3.60;
END_INSTANCE;
Basic Constraint Schematic-I Notation
example 1, state 1.1
.
.
.
state 2.1 (solved):
base : 2.0;
height : 9.0;
area : 9.0;
diagonal : 9.22;
END_INSTANCE;
9 in
2
2 in
9 in
base, b
r1
r2
bh A
2
1
=
height, h
2 2 2
h b d + =
area, A
diagonal, d
9.22 in
200 lbs
30e6 psi
Result b = 30e6 psi
(output or intermediate variable)
Result c = 200 lbs
(output of primary interest)
X
Relation r1 is suspended
X r1
100 lbs
Input a = 100 lbs
Equality relation is suspended
a
b
c
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

Multi-Directional I/O
state 2.1 (solved):
base : 2.0;
height : 9.0;
area : 9.0;
diagonal : 9.22;
END_INSTANCE;

base : 2.0;
height : ?;
area : 6.0;
diagonal : ?;
END_INSTANCE;

state 3.1 (solved):
base : 2.0;
height : 6.0;
area : 6.0;
diagonal : 6.32;
END_INSTANCE;
6 in
2
2 in
6 in
base, b
r1
r2
bh A
2
1
=
height, h
2 2 2
h b d + =
area, A
diagonal, d
6.32 in
9 in
2
2 in
9 in
base, b
r1
r2
bh A
2
1
=
height, h
2 2 2
h b d + =
area, A
diagonal, d
9.22 in
Concepts illustrated:
- Non-causal COB structure (no predefined I/O direction)
- Causality of COB instances and states
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

Tutorial: Triangular Prism - State 1.1 (Solved) in XaiTools
Tutorial: Triangular Prism
INSTANCE_OF triangular_prism;
cross-section.base : 2.0;
cross-section.height : 3.0;
length : 5.0;
volume : ?;
END_INSTANCE;

state 1.1 (solved):
INSTANCE_OF triangular_prism;
cross-section.base : 2.0;
cross-section.height : 3.0;
cross-section.area : 3.0;
length : 5.0;
volume : 15.0;
END_INSTANCE;
example 1, state 1.1 (solved)
Triangle
d h
A b
Triangle
d h
A b
length, l volume, V
r1
Al V =
cross-section
3 in
2
2 in
3 in
15 in
3
5 in
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

= 15
= 3
state 1.0 (unsolved) state 1.1 (solved) SysML Parametric Diagram-I
Note: The current prototype exports instances with input values for solving. The model is then executed successfully in external solvers. However, the prototype interface
for importing resulting solutions is not ready yet; thus, the solved state depicted here inside the SysML tool is an envisioned notation.
Composable Objects (COBs)
COB Services (constraint graph manager, including COTS solver access)
XaiTools
Ansys
(FEA Solver)
Native Tools Models
Traditional
COTS or in-house
solvers
SysML-based COB Authoring
COB export
COB Solving & Browsing
COB API
SysML-COB Architecture - Prototype v0.1
as of 2005-12-06
...
Exchange
File
XaiTools
Artisan Studio
Mathematica
(Math Solver)
Engineering Web Services
Client PCs
XaiTools
Rich Client
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t

Apache Tomcat
Mathematica
Ansys, Patran,
Abaqus, ...
I
n
t
e
r
n
e
t
/
I
n
t
r
a
n
e
t

XaiTools Ansys
Solver Server
XaiTools Ansys
Solver Server
XaiTools Math.
Solver Server
Servlet container
XaiTools Solver
Server
FEA Solvers
Math Solvers
Soap Servers
S
O
A
P

.
.
.

Engineering Service Bureau
Host Machines
W
e
b

S
e
r
v
e
r

HTTP/XML
Wrapped Data
Status: In prototype & production usage since 1999 (CORBA), 2002 (SOAP),
including remote access from AZ, DC, WV, UK, Japan,
COB Services (constraint graph manager, including COTS solver access)
XaiTools
Ansys
(FEA Solver)
Native Tools Models
Traditional
COTS or in-house
solvers
Mathematica
(Math Solver)
SysML-based COB Authoring
COB in/out
COB Solving & Browsing
COB API
SysML-COB Architecture - Prototype v0.2
Anticipated 2006-1Q
...
Exchange
File
XaiTools
Artisan Studio
COB Services (graph mgt, conf. control, meta-solving, persistence, tool access, UI,)
COB Management System
(CMS)
Tool Tool
Tool
Native Tools Models
Traditional
COTS and in-house
end-user tools
(authoring, viewing,
solving,..)
Tool
Standards-based
tool wrappers
COB-Enabled End-User Applications
COB SDK
UI Components
SysML
UI Control
COB API
COTS SysML Tools
COB API
COB
Tree
Other COB Apps.
Domain-specific
Simulation tools
COB API
CMS Management Client Tools
COB Authoring
COB API
COB Configuration
Management
COB API
COB Browsing
COB API
Envisioned SysML-COB Architecture
http://eislab.gatech.edu/projects/nasa-ngcobs/ - 2005-10
Copyright 2005
25
Contents - Part 1
Purpose
Leveraging test cases from existing & new work
Summary
Recommended prerequisites (see backup slides)
Triangle tutorial
1 Solution Method Model
+
ABB SMM
2 Analysis Building Block
4 Context-Based Analysis Model
3
SMM ABB
u
APM ABB
CBAM
APM
Design Tools Solution Tools
Printed Wiring Assembly (PWA)
Solder Joint
Component
PWB
Solder Joint
Component
PWB
body
3
body
2
body
1
body
4
T
0
body
3
body
2
body
1
body
4
T
0
Printed Wiring Board (PWB)
Solder
Joint
Component
Solder
Joint
Component
Analyzable
Product Model
I
i
X-Analysis Integration Techniques
for CAD-CAE Interoperability
http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/
a. Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA) b. Explicit Design-Analysis Associativity
c. Analysis Module Creation Methodology
Product
Model
Selected Module
Analysis Module Catalogs
MCAD
ECAD
Analysis Procedures
Commercial
Analysis Tools
Ansys
Abaqus
Solder Joint Deformation Model
Idealization/
Defeaturization
Commercial
Design Tools
PWB
Solder Joint
Component
APM CBAM ABB SMM
Ubiquitous Analysis
(Module Usage)
Ubiquitization
(Module Creation)
CAE
Physical Behavior Research,
Know-How, Design Handbooks, ...
Informal Associativity Diagram
Constrained Object-based Analysis Module
Constraint Schematic View
Plane Strain Bodies System
PWA Component Occurrence
CL
1
v material , E ( o , )
geometry
body
plane strain body , i = 1...4
PWB
Solder
Joint
Epoxy
Component
base: Alumina
core: FR4
Solder Joint Plane Strain Model
total height, h
linear-elastic model
u
1
u
2
APM
u
ABB
I
1
:
I
3
:
3 APM 4 CBAM
2 ABB
c
4
body
3
body
2
body
1
h
o
T
primary structural
material
I
2
:
i
i
i
1 SMM
Design Model Analysis Model
ABB
+
SMM
solder solder joint
pwb
component
1.25
deformation model
total height
detailed shape
rectangle
[1.2]
[1.1]
average
[2.2]
[2.1]
ec
Tc
Ts
inter-solder joint distance
approximate maximum
A
sj
L s
primary structural material
total thickness
Plane Strain
geometry model 3
a
stress-strain
model 1
stress-strain
model 2
stress-strain
model 3
Bodies System
xy, extreme, 3
T
2
L
1
T
1
T0
L
2
h
1
h
2
T3
Tsj
hs
hc
L c
xy, extreme, sj
bilinear-elastoplastic model
primary structural material
component
occurrence
solder joint
shear strain
range
[1.2]
[1.1]
length 2
+
3 APM 2 ABB
u
2
u
1 4 CBAM
Fine-Grained Associativity
Composable
27
Analysis Tools
0.4375 in
0.5240 in
0.0000 in
2.440 in
1.267 in
0.307 in
0.5 in
0.310 in
2.088 in
1.770 in
67000 psi
65000 psi
57000 psi
52000 psi
39000 psi
0.067 in/in
0.030 in/in
5960 Ibs
1
10000000 psi
9.17
5.11
9.77
rear spar fitting attach point
BLE7K18
2G7T12U (Detent 0, Fairing Condition 1)
L29 -300
Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2; Inboard Beam, 123L4567
Bulkhead Fitting Joint
Program
Part
Feature
Channel Fitting Static Strength Analysis Template
1 of 1 Dataset
strength model
r1
e
b
h
tb
te
Pu
Ftu
E
r2
r0
a
FtuLT
Fty
FtyLT
epuLT
tw
MSwall
epu
jm
MSepb
MSeps
Channel Fitting
Static Strength Analysis
Fsu
IAS Function
Ref D6-81766

end pad
base
material
wall
analysis context
mode: (ultimate static strength)
condition:
heuristic: overall fitting factor, Jm
bolt
fitting
head radius, r1
hole radius, ro
width, b
eccentricity, e
thickness, te
height, h
radius, r2
thickness, tb
hole
thickness, tw
angled height, a
max allowable ultimate stress,
allowable ultimate long transverse stress,
max allowable yield stress,
max allowable long transverse stress,
max allowable shear stress,
plastic ultimate strain,
plastic ultimate strain long transverse,
young modulus of elasticity,
load, Pu
Ftu
Fty
FtyLT
Fsu
epu
epuLT
E
FtuLT
product structure
(channel fitting joint)
Flexible High Diversity Design-Analysis Integration
Phases 1-3 Airframe Examples:
Bike Frame / Flap Support Inboard Beam
Analysis Modules (CBAMs)
of Diverse Feature:Mode, & Fidelity
Design Tools
Materials DB
FEA
Elfini* MATDB-like
Analyzable
Product Model
XaiTools
XaiTools
Fitting:
Bending/Shear
3D
1.5D
Modular, Reusable
Template Libraries
MCAD Tools
CATIA v4, v5
Lug:
Axial/Oblique;
Ultimate/Shear
1.5D
Assembly:
Ultimate/
FailSafe/Fatigue*
* = Item not yet available in toolkit (all others have working examples)
diagonal brace lug joint j = top
0.7500 in
0.35 in
0.7500 in
1.6000 in
2
0.7433
14.686 K
2.40
4.317 K
8.633 K
k = norm
Max. torque brake setting
detent 30, u2=3.5
7050-T7452, MS 7-214
67 Ksi
L29 -300
Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2; Inboard Beam, 123L4567
Diagonal Brace Lug Joint
Program
Part
Feature
Lug Joint Axial Ultimate Strength Model Template
j = top lug k = normal diameter (1 of 4) Dataset
material
deformation model
max allowable ultimate stress, FtuL
effective width, W
analysis context
objective
mode (ultimate static strength)
condition
estimated axial ultimate strength
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
normal diameter, Dnorm
thickness, t
edge margin, e
Plug joint
size,n
lugs
lugj hole
diameters
product structure (lug joint)
r1
n
P joint lug
L [ j:1,n ]
Plug
L [ k] Dk
oversize diameter, Dover D
Paxu W
e
t
F tuax
Kaxu
Lug Axial Ultimate
Strength Model
BDM 6630
Fasteners DB
FASTDB-like
General Math
Mathematica

In-House
Codes
Image API
(CATGEO);
VBScript
28
Fitting Analysis Template Applied to Bike Frame Bulkhead
COB-based CBAM constraint schematic - instance view
0.4375 in
0.5240 in
0.0000 in
2.440 in
1.267 in
0.307 in
0.5 in
0.310 in
2.088 in
1.770 in
67000 psi
65000 psi
57000 psi
52000 psi
39000 psi
0.067 in/in
0.030 in/in
5960 Ibs
1
10000000 psi
9.17
5.11
9.77
bulkhead fitting attach point
LE7K18
2G7T12U (Detent 0, Fairing Condition 1)
L29 -300
Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2;
Inboard Beam, 123L4567
Bulkhead Fitting Joint
Program
Part
Feature
Channel Fitting
Template
1 of 1
Dataset
strength model
r
1
e
b
h
t
b
t
e
P
u
F
tu
E
r
2
r
0
a
F
tuLT
F
ty
F
tyLT
epuLT
t
w
MS
wall
epu
j
m
MS
epb
MS
eps
Channel Fitting
F
su
IAS Function
Ref DM 6-81766

end pad
base
material
wall
analysis context
mode: (ultimate static strength)
condition:
heuristic: overall fitting factor, J
m
bolt
fitting
head
radius, r
1
hole
radius, r
o
width, b
eccentricity, e
thickness, t
e
height, h
radius, r
2
thickness, t
b
hole
thickness, t
w
angled height, a
max allowable ultimate stress,
allowable ultimate long transverse stress,
max allowable yield stress,
max allowable long transverse stress,
max allowable shear stress,
plastic ultimate strain,
plastic ultimate strain long transverse,
young modulus of elasticity,
load, P
u
F
tu
F
ty
F
tyLT
F
su
e
pu
e
puLT
E
F
tuLT
product structure
(channel fitting joint)
e
se
t r
P
f
0
2 t
=
2
1
e
be
ht
P
C f =
) , , ( 1 3 h b r f K =
18 associativity relations
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

29
diagonal brace lug joint
j = top
0.7500 in
0.35 in
0.7500 in
1.6000 in
2
0.7433
14.686 K
2.40
4.317 K
8.633 K
k = norm
Max. torque brake setting
detent 30, u
2
=3.5
7050-T7452, MS 7-214
67 Ksi
L29 -300
Outboard TE Flap, Support No 2;
Inboard Beam, 123L4567
Diagonal Brace Lug Joint
Program
Part
Feature
Lug Joint
Axial Ultimate Strength Model
Template
j = top lug
k = normal diameter (1 of 4)
Dataset
material
deformation model
max allowable ultimate stress, FtuL
effective width, W
analysis context
objective
mode (ultimate static strength)
condition
estimated axial ultimate strength
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
normal diameter, D
norm
thickness, t
edge margin, e
P
lug joint
size,n
lugs
lug
j
hole
diameters
product structure (lug joint)
r
1
n
P
joint lug
L [ j:1,n ]
P
lug
L [ k]
D
k
oversize diameter, D
over
D
P
axu
W
e
t
F tuax
K
axu
Lug Axial Ultimate
Strength Model
DM 6630
Lug Template Applied to an Airframe Analysis Problem
COB-based CBAM constraint schematic - instance view
Solution Tool
Interaction
Boundary Condition Objects
(links to other analyses)
CAD-CAE Associativity
(idealization usage)
Material Models
Model-based Documentation
Geometry
P K
W
D
DtF
axu axu tuax
= ( ) 1
Requirements
Legend: Annotations highlight model knowledge capture capabilities. Other notation is COB constraint schematics notation.
R
c
b
|
| = f( c , b , R )
W = f( R , D , | )
axial direction
e
D
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

30
Generalized MRA Patterns for Systems-of-Systems (SoS) M&S
Traditional Patterns
(for CAD-CAE)
Traditional CAD-CAE Purpose
regarding Design-Analysis Integration (DAI)
Generalized Patterns
(for complex systems-of-systems)
design tools
(CAD)
- Define systems (parts, assemblies, ) in necessary &
sufficient descriptive terms (not behavioral)
- Usually are COTS tools
system description tools
analyzable product models
(APMs)
- Represent design aspects of products and enable connections
with design tools
- Support idealizations usable in numerous analysis models
- Have possibly many associated CBAMs that verify
requirements
augmented descriptive model

(federated descriptive model +
idealizations and other relations)
context-based
analysis models
(CBAMs)
- Contain linkages explicitly representing design-analysis
associativity, indicating usage of APM idealizations
- Create analysis models from ABBs and automatically connect
them to APM attributes
- Represent common analysis models as automated, predefined
templates
- Support interaction of analysis models of varying complexity
and solution method
- Enable parametric design studies via multi-directional
input/output (in some cases)
context-based
simulation model

(system-specific
simulation model)
analysis building blocks
(ABBs)

(generic analytical concepts)
- Represent analytical concepts as composable objects
- Act as semantically rich 'pre-preprocessor' & 'post-
postprocessor' models.
- ABB instances create SMM instances based on solution
method considerations and receive results after automated
solution tool execution
simulation building block

(generic analytical concepts)
solution method models
(SMMs)
- Packages solution tool inputs, outputs, and control as
integrated objects (often as a componentized wrapping of
solution tool native files)
- Automates solution tool access and results retrieval via tool
agents and wrappers
simulation method model
solution tools
(CAE)
- Execute simulation models (often as vendor-specific native
files)
- Usually are COTS tools
simulation tool
(solver)
version: 2005-12-06
31
Diversity Demonstrated in Test Cases
[based on Peak and Wilson et al. 2001]

Test Case Analysis Templates
Target
Characteristics
Flap Link
CBAMs
PWA/B
CBAMs
Aerospace
CBAMs
Electrical Chip
Package CBAMs

Diversity Dimensions
Product Domain airframe printed circuit board (PWA/B) airframe chip package
CAD Tools CATIA (MCAD)
Mentor Graphics (ECAD)
XaiTools PWA/B
CATIA (MCAD)
XaiTools
Chip Package (XCP)
Discipline structural thermo-mechanical structural thermal
Behavior
deformation
(extension)
deformation
(torsion)
deformation
(warpage)
lug & fitting
ultimate shear,
bending shear
temperature
Fidelity
extensional rod
(1D, linear)
plane stress body
(2D, linear)
torsional rod
(1D, linear)
thermal bending
(1D, linear)
plane strain body
(2D, linear)
1.5D
thermal body
(3D, linear)
Solution Method
(and Tools)
formula-based
(Mathematica)
FEA (Ansys,
Patran, Abaqus),
formula-based
(Mathematica)
formula-based
(Mathematica)
formula-based
(Mathematica)
FEA
(Ansys, Cadas),
formula-based
(Mathematica)
formula-based
(Mathematica)
FEA (Ansys),
formula-based
(Mathematica);
custom cob-based
mesh algorithm
Directionality multi
oneway
(partially multi)
multi multi
oneway
(partially multi)
oneway
(partially multi)
oneway
(partially multi)

COB Usage Characteristics
Product Design
Info Usage
detailed design
(COI via CATIA interface)
detailed design
(STEP AP210 -Part 21
via Mentor Graphics interface)
detailed design
(COI via
CATIA interface)
preliminary design
(COI via
XCP design tool)
Automation fully automated fully automated fully automated fully automated

[after Wilson, 2000] Patran and Abaqus links are work-in-progress.
32

Test Case Statistics: Overall
Test Cases COB Libraries Used # of Entities, Attributes, Relations
T
o
t
a
l
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e
T
o
t
a
l

O
n
e
w
a
y
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e

O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e

I
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
4 11 3
108 68 30
lib\geometry.cos 12 34 22
3 9 1
lib\apm.cos
lib\materials.cos
lib\abbs.cos
apm.cos
lib\abbs.cos
apm.cos
abbs.cos lib\apm.cos 24 39 12 3
lib\geometry.cos
lib\apm.cos
airplane\lib\abbs.cos
fastener.cos 3 7
materials.cos 1 38
lib\geometry.cos
lib\apm.cos
airplane\lib\materials.cos
airplane\lib\fastener.cos
airplane\lib\cbams.cos
airplane\bikeframe\apm.cos
lib pwb_board.cos 13 21 2 5
lib\geometry.cos
cp\lib\pwb_board.cos
lib\abbs.cos
cp\bga\apm.cos
lib\geometry.cos
cp\lib\pwb_board.cos
lib\abbs.cos
cp\qft\apm.cos
344 753 25 376 8 12 59
15 1 12 4 19
76 1
15
2 18
1 19 4 12
25
53 177 6 103 3 22
2 20
4 23 20
2 7 16
1 11
e
l
e
c
t
r
i
c
a
l

c
h
i
p

p
a
c
k
a
g
e

(
c
p
)
Totals

p
r
o
d
u
c
t

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c

a
i
r
p
l
a
n
e
apm.cos
cbams.cos
apm.cos
apm.cos
cbams.cos
cbams.cos
bga (ball grid array)
qfp(quad flat pack)
apm.cos
bikeframe cbams.cos
cbams.cos
f
l
a
p
l
i
n
k
cbams.cos
apm.cos
lib
77
5 25 36
19 152 8 9
5 3
Relations
5 21 23
10
2
COB Libraries Used E
n
t
i
t
i
e
s
Attributes
p
w
a
/
b
Structure (COS)
geometry.cos
abbs.cos
apm.cos
materials.cos g
e
n
e
r
a
l
(
l
i
b
)
33

Test Case Statistics: Flap Link and Associated Building Blocks
Supports reusability
Supports complexity
T
o
t
a
l
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e
T
o
t
a
l

O
n
e
w
a
y
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e

O
p
e
r
a
t
i
o
n
A
g
g
r
e
g
a
t
e

I
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
4 11 3
lib\geometry.cos 108 68 30
12 34 22
3 9 1
lib\apm.cos
lib\materials.cos
lib\abbs.cos
apm.cos
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
344 753 25 376 8 12 59
Attributes
p
r
o
d
u
c
t

s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
Structure (COS) E
n
t
i
t
i
e
s
COB Libraries Used
10
36 2
Relations
flaplink
11 apm.cos 1
cbams.cos 5 25
g
e
n
e
r
a
l

(
l
i
b
)
materials.cos
Totals
abbs.cos
apm.cos
geometry.cos
34

Example COB Reuse as Modular Simulation Building Blocks
Structure (COS) Where used
1D Linear Elastic Model (ABB) Extensional Rod ABB
Torsional Rod ABB
Margin of Safety ABB 1D Linkage Extensional Flaplink CBAM for stress
1D Torsional Extensional Flaplink CBAM for stress
1D Torsional Extensional Flaplink CBAM for twist
2D Plane Stress flaplink CBAM for stress
2D linkage extensional flaplink CBAM for deformation
1D PWB Thermal Bending for warpage
2D PWBThermal Bending for warpage
1.5D Lug CBAM for stress
Flaplink APM Linkage Extensional CBAM
Linkage Plane Stress CBAM
Linkage Torsional CBAM
BikeFrame APM Lug Axial/Oblique; Ultimate/Shear CBAM
Fitting Bending/Shear CBAM
PWA/B APM Thermal Bending CBAM
6 Layer Plain Strain CBAM
N Layer Plain Strain CBAM
EBGA ChipPackage APM EBGA Thermal Resistance CBAM
PBGA ChipPackage APM PBGA Thermal Resistance CBAM
Thermal Stress CBAM
QFP ChipPackage APM Thermal Resistance CBMA
Copyright 2005
35
Contents - Part 1
Purpose
Leveraging test cases from existing work
Summary
Recommended prerequisites (backup slides)
Triangle tutorial
Copyright 2005
36
Test Cases
Triangle
Spring systems
Simulation template
tutorials (A, B)
Racing bike

Tool Interfaces
A. Math solvers:
1. Mathematica
(FEA) solvers:
1. Ansys
1. Modelica/Dymola

37
Flap Link Mechanical Part
A simple design ... a benchmark problem.
t
s1
B
sleeve1
B
t
s2
d
s2
d
s1
sleeve2
L
shaft
L
eff
u
s
rib1 rib2
red = idealized parameter
Background

This simple part provides the basis for a benchmark tutorial for CAD-CAE interoperability and
simulation template knowledge representation. This example exercises multiple capabilities relevant to
such contexts (many of which are relevant to broader simulation and knowledge representation
domains), including:

Diversity in design information source, behavior, fidelity, solution method, solution tool, ...
Modular, reusable simulation building blocks and fine-grained inter-model associativity

See the following for further information (including papers overviewing this example):
http://eislab.gatech.edu/research/dai/
(begin with [Wilson et al. 2001] under Suggested Starting Points)
38
Design-Analysis Interoperability (DAI) Panorama
Flap Link Benchmark Tutorial - Composable Object (COB)-based Constraint Schematic
Material Model ABB:
Continuum ABBs:
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
AT
o
t
v
G
c
ce
ct
material model
polar moment of inertia, J
radius, r
undeformed length, Lo
twist,
theta start, 1
theta end, 2
r1
1 2 =
r3
0 L
r
=
J
r Tr
= t
torque, Tr
x
T T
G, r, , t, |, |1, |2 ,J
Lo
y
material model
temperature, T
reference temperature, To
force, F
area, A
total elongation, AL
length, L
start, x1
end, x2
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
AT
c o
ce
ct
r1
1 2 x x L =
r2
o L L L = A
r4 A
F
= o
edb.r1 o T T T = A
r3 L
L A
= c
x
F F
E, A, o
AL Lo
AT, c , o
y
L
Torsional Rod
Extensional Rod
temperature change, AT
cte, o
youngs modulus, E
stress, o
shear modulus, G
poissons ratio, v
shear stress, t shear strain,
thermal strain, ct
elastic strain, ce
strain, c
r2
r1
) 1 ( 2 v +
=
E
G
r3
r4
T t A =o c
E e
o
c =
r5
G
t
=
t e c c c + =
o
c
1D Linear Elastic Model
material
effective length, Leff
linear elastic model
Lo
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
F
AL
o
A
L
c
E
x2
x1
youngs modulus, E
cross section area, A
al1
al3
al2
linkage
mode: shaft tension
condition reaction
allowable stress
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Analysis Modules
of Diverse Behavior & Fidelity
(CBAMs)
MCAD Tools
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus
*
CATIA Elfini
*
MSC Nastran
*
MSC Patran
*
...
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab
*
MathCAD
*
...
Analyzable Product Model
(APM)
Extension
Torsion
1D
1D
Analysis Building Blocks
(ABBs)
CATIA, I-DEAS
*

Pro/E
*
, UG
*
, ...
Analysis Tools
(via SMMs)
Design Tools
2D
flap_link
critical_section
critical_simple
t2f
wf
tw
hw
t1f
area
effective_length
critical_detailed
stress_strain_model linear_elastic
E
v
cte area
wf
tw
hw
tf
sleeve_1
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
R3
R2
R1
R8
R9
R10
6 R
R7
R12
11 R
1 R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
name
linear_elastic_model v
wf
tw
tf
inter_axis_length
sleeve_2
shaft
material
linkage
sleeve_1
w
t
r
E
cross_section:basic
w
t
r
L
ws1
ts1
rs2
ws2
ts2
rs2
wf
tw
tf
E
v
deformation model
ox,max
Parameterized
FEA Model
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
mode: tension
ux,max
F
condition reaction
allowable inter axis length change
allowable stress
ts1
B
sleeve1
B
ts2
ds2
ds1
sleeve2
L
shaft
Leff
us
rib1 rib2
material
deformation model
Lo
Torsional Rod
G
t
J
r
u2
u1
shear modulus, G
cross section:
effective ring polar moment of inertia, J
al1
al3
al2a
linkage
mode: shaft torsion
condition reaction
T
outer radius, ro al2b
stress mos model
allowable stress
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
allowable
twist
Flap Link Extensional Model
Flap Link Plane Strain Model
Flap Link Torsional Model * = Item not yet available in toolkit (all others have working examples)
Parts Libraries
In-House
*
, ...
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
Classical COB Notation [Peak, 1993; Tamburini, 1999; Wilson, 2000]
39
Flap Linkage Example
Manufacturable Product Model (MPM) = Design Description
Product Attribute
R
i
Product Relation
t
s1
A
Sleeve 1
A
t
s
2
d
s2
d
s1
Sleeve 2
L
Shaft
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
flap_link
sleeve_1
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
R
3
R
2
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
R
1
COB flap_link SUBTYPE_OF part;
part_number : STRING;
inter_axis_length, L : REAL;
sleeve1 : sleeve;
sleeve2 : sleeve;
shaft : tapered_beam;
rib1 : rib;
rib2 : rib;
RELATIONS
PRODUCT_RELATIONS
pr2 : "<inter_axis_length> == <sleeve2.origin.y> -
<sleeve1.origin.y>";
pr3 : "<rib1.height> == (<sleeve1.width> -
<shaft.cross_section.design.web_thickness>)/2";
pr4 : "<rib2.height> == (<sleeve2.width> -
<shaft.cross_section.design.web_thickness>)/2";
...
END_COB;
Extended Constraint Graph
COB Structure (COS)
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

40
t
s1
A
Sleeve 1
A
t
s
2
d
s2
d
s1
Sleeve 2
L
Shaft
L
eff
u
s
Flap Linkage Example
Analyzable Product Model (APM) = MPM Subset + Idealizations
flap_link
critical_section
critical_simple
t2f
wf
tw
hw
t1f
area
effective_length
critical_detailed
E
v
cte area
wf
tw
hw
tf
sleeve_1
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
R
3
R
2
R
1
R
8
R
9
R
10
6
R
R
7

R
12
11
R
1
R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
Product Attribute
Idealized Attribute
R
i
Idealization Relation
R
i
Product Relation
Partial COB Structure (COS)
effective_length, Leff ==
inter_axis_length -
(sleeve1.hole.cross_section.radius +
sleeve2.hole.cross_section.radius)
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

41
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

Design Model
Idealized Model
Design-Idealization
Relation
flap_link flap_link
critical_section
critical_simple
t2f
wf
tw
hw
t1f
area
effective_length
critical_detailed
E
v
cte area
wf
tw
hw
tf
critical_section
critical_simple
t2f
wf
tw
hw
t1f
area
effective_length
critical_detailed
E
v
cte area
wf
tw
hw
tf
sleeve_1
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
sleeve_1
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
R3
R2
R1
R3
R2
R3
R2
R1 R1
R8
R9
R10
6 R
R7
R12
11 R
1 R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
R8
R9
R10
R8
R9
R10
6 R6 R
R7 R7
R12 R12
11 R11 R
1 R1 R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
Product Attribute
Idealized Attribute
Ri
Ri
Product Relation
Product Attribute Product Attribute
Idealized Attribute Idealized Attribute
Ri
Idealization Relation Ri
Ri
Product Relation Ri
Product Relation
Flap Link APM
Implementation in CATIA v5
42
Flap Link APM
SysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic view
flap_link
material
point
part
cross_section
tapered_I_section
filleted_tapered_I_section
basic_I_section
sleeve
tapered_beam
rib
hole
1
1
sleeve1
1
1
sleeve2
1
1
shaft
1
1
critical_cross_section
1
1
design
1
1
basic
1
1
tapered
1
1
origin
1
1
rib1
1
1
rib2
1
1
hole1
** git tool caveat:
material link
bdd flap_link bdd - basic view
t
s1
B
sleeve1
B
t
s2
d
s2
d
s1
sleeve2
L
shaft
u
s
rib1 rib2
v. 2005-12-19
Note [1]: The term part is used here as a regular block name in the traditional engineering sense of
part-assembly (i.e., it is not used here in the UML/SysML meta-entity context of part/class).
[1]
43
materials
git-root-cob
material
name : STRING
yield_stress : REAL
git-root-cob
material
name : STRING
yield_stress : REAL
geometry
point
x : REAL
y : REAL
z : REAL
point
x : REAL
y : REAL
z : REAL
apm
git-root-cob
part
description : STRING
designer : STRING
material : STRING
sleeve
width : REAL
wall_thickness : REAL
outer_diameter : REAL
inner_diameter : REAL
tapered_beam
length : REAL
taper_angle : REAL
cross_section
tapered_I_section
flange_base_thickness : REAL
flange_taper_thickness : REAL
flange_taper_angle : REAL
web_thickness : REAL
total_height : REAL
flange_width : REAL
area : REAL
web_height : REAL
flange_thickness : REAL
flange_fillet_radius : REAL
total_height : REAL
flange_width : REAL
area : REAL
web_height : REAL
basic_I_section
area : REAL
total_height : REAL
flange_width : REAL
web_height : REAL
hole
height : REAL
volume : REAL
rib
base : REAL
height : REAL
thickness : REAL
git-root-cob
part
designer : STRING
material : STRING
sleeve
width : REAL
wall_thickness : REAL
outer_diameter : REAL
inner_diameter : REAL
tapered_beam
length : REAL
taper_angle : REAL
cross_section
tapered_I_section
total_height : REAL
flange_width : REAL
area : REAL
web_height : REAL
flange_fillet_radius : REAL
total_height : REAL
flange_width : REAL
area : REAL
web_height : REAL
basic_I_section
area : REAL
total_height : REAL
flange_width : REAL
web_height : REAL
hole
height : REAL
volume : REAL
rib
base : REAL
height : REAL
thickness : REAL
git-root-cob
flap_link
part_number : STRING
inter_axis_length : REAL
allowable_twist : REAL
allowable_twist_factor : REAL
allowable_inter_axis_length_change_factor : REAL
allowable_inter_axis_length_change : REAL
effective_length : REAL
designer : STRING
material : STRING
1 1
sleeve1
1 1
sleeve2
1 1
shaft
1
1
hole1
1
1
critical_cross_section
1
1
design
1
1
basic
1
1
tapered
1
1
origin
1 1
rib1
1 1
rib2
** git tool caveat: material link
bdd flap_link bdd
Flap Link APM: SysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd)
Implementing COB Concepts in SysML
v. 2005-12-19
44
Flap Link APM: SysML Parametric Diagram (par)
Implementing COB Concepts in SysML
v. 2005-12-17
Class flap_link
sleeve1 : sleeve
wall_thickness
inner_diameter
outer_diameter
width
hole1 : hole
cross_section : circle
radius
diameter area
origin : point
y
x
z
sleeve2 : sleeve
outer_diameter
inner_diameter
wall_thickness
width
hole1 : hole
radius
diameter area
origin : point
x
y
z
pr2 : algebraic
a
b
c
pr3 : algebraic
a
b
c
pr4 : algebraic
a
b
c
pr5 : algebraic
a
b
pir1 : algebraic
a b
c d
pir2 : algebraic
a
b
pir4 : algebraic
a
b
c
rib1 : rib
base height
thickness
part_number
inter_axis_length
allowable_twist
allowable_twist_factor
allowable_inter_axis_length_change_factor
allowable_inter_axis_length_change
effective_length
description
designer
material
origin : point
y x z
pr1 :
algebraic
a b
shaft : tapered_beam
taper_angle
length
critical_cross_section : cross_section
design : filleted_tapered_I_section
flange_fillet_radius
flange_base_thickness
flange_taper_thickness
flange_taper_angle flange_width
I_section.flange_thickness
web_thickness
I_section.web_height
total_height
area
rib2 : rib
base height
thickness
pir3 : algebraic
a
b
c
pr6 : algebraic
a
b
sleeve1 : sleeve
wall_thickness
inner_diameter
outer_diameter
width
hole1 : hole
radius
diameter area
origin : point
y
x
z
wall_thickness
inner_diameter
outer_diameter
width
hole1 : hole
radius
diameter area
radius
diameter area
radius
diameter area
origin : point
y
x
z
y
x
z
sleeve2 : sleeve
outer_diameter
inner_diameter
wall_thickness
width
hole1 : hole
radius
diameter area
origin : point
x
y
z
outer_diameter
inner_diameter
wall_thickness
width
hole1 : hole
radius
diameter area
radius
diameter area
radius
diameter area
origin : point
x
y
z
x
y
z
pr2 : algebraic
a
b
c
a
b
c
pr3 : algebraic
a
b
c a
b
c
pr4 : algebraic
a
b
c
a
b
c
pr5 : algebraic
a
b
a
b
pir1 : algebraic
a b
c d
a b
c d
pir2 : algebraic
a
b
a
b
pir4 : algebraic
a
b
c
a
b
c
rib1 : rib
base height
thickness
base height
thickness
part_number
inter_axis_length
allowable_twist
allowable_twist_factor
allowable_inter_axis_length_change_factor
effective_length
description
designer
material
origin : point
y x z y x z
pr1 :
algebraic
a b a b
taper_angle
length
web_thickness
total_height
area
taper_angle
length
web_thickness
total_height
area
web_thickness
total_height
area
web_thickness
total_height
area
rib2 : rib
base height
thickness
base height
thickness
pir3 : algebraic
a
b
c
a
b
c
pr6 : algebraic
a
b
a
b
material
name name
git-external-ref
par-d
v. 2005-12-19
45
Flap Link APM:
SysML Parametric
Diagram - Instance
(inputs - unsolved state)
Class flap_link_XYZ-510
sleeve1 : sleeve
wall_thickness
width = 2.0
outer_diameter = 2.0
inner_diameter = 1.0
origin : point
z
y
x
hole1 : hole
origin : point
z
x
y
radius
area
diameter
sleeve2 : sleeve
wall_thickness
width = 2.50
hole1 : hole
origin : point
y
z
x
radius diameter
area
origin : point
y
z
x
rib1 : rib
thickness
base
height
origin : point
z
x
y
origin : point
y
z
x
basic :
basic_I_section
design :
total_height
flange_thickness
flange_taper_angle = 10.0
web_height
flange_taper_thickness = 0.05
flange_base_thickness = 0.25
flange_width = 1.5
area
web_thickness = 0.25
flange_fillet_radius = 0.13
tapered :
tapered_I_section
taper_angle = 3.210243
length
origin : point
x = 0.0
y = 0.0
z = 0.0
part_number = "XYZ-510"
inter_axis_length = 6.250000
allowable_twist
allowable_twist_factor = 0.001
allowable_inter_axis_length_change_factor = 0.001
effective_length
description = "flap link type 5"
designer = "J. Smith"
material = "steel"
rib2 : rib
thickness
height
base
origin : point
y
x
z
sleeve1 : sleeve
wall_thickness
width = 2.0
origin : point
z
y
x
hole1 : hole
origin : point
z
x
y
radius
area
diameter
wall_thickness
width = 2.0
origin : point
z
y
x
z
y
x
hole1 : hole
origin : point
z
x
y
radius
area
diameter
origin : point
z
x
y
z
x
y
radius
area
diameter radius
area
diameter
sleeve2 : sleeve
wall_thickness
width = 2.50
hole1 : hole
origin : point
y
z
x
radius diameter
area
origin : point
y
z
x
wall_thickness
width = 2.50
hole1 : hole
origin : point
y
z
x
radius diameter
area
origin : point
y
z
x
y
z
x
radius diameter
area
radius diameter
area
origin : point
y
z
x
y
z
x
rib1 : rib
thickness
base
height
origin : point
z
x
y
thickness
base
height
origin : point
z
x
y
z
x
y
origin : point
y
z
x
basic :
basic_I_section
design :
total_height
flange_thickness
web_height
flange_width = 1.5
area
tapered :
tapered_I_section
length
origin : point
y
z
x
y
z
x
basic :
basic_I_section
design :
total_height
flange_thickness
web_height
flange_width = 1.5
area
tapered :
tapered_I_section
basic :
basic_I_section
design :
total_height
flange_thickness
web_height
flange_width = 1.5
area
flange_fillet_radius = 0.13 total_height
flange_thickness
web_height
flange_width = 1.5
area
tapered :
tapered_I_section
length
origin : point
x = 0.0
y = 0.0
z = 0.0
x = 0.0
y = 0.0
z = 0.0
part_number = "XYZ-510"
inter_axis_length = 6.250000
allowable_twist
allowable_twist_factor = 0.001
allowable_inter_axis_length_change_factor = 0.001
effective_length
description = "flap link type 5"
designer = "J. Smith"
material = "steel"
rib2 : rib
thickness
height
base
origin : point
y
x
z
thickness
height
base
origin : point
y
x
z
y
x
z
t
s1
B
sleeve1
B
t
s2
d
s2
d
s1
sleeve2
L
shaft
u
s
rib1 rib2
par-i
v. 2005-12-19
Solving supported via
math tool execution
46
Material Model ABB:
Continuum ABBs:
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
AT
o
t
v
G
c
ce
ct
material model
radius, r
twist,
theta start, 1
theta end, 2
r1
1 2 =
r3
0 L
r
=
J
r Tr
= t
torque, Tr
x
T T
G, r, , t, |, |1, |2 ,J
Lo
y
material model
temperature, T
force, F
area, A
length, L
start, x1
end, x2
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
AT
c o
ce
ct
r1
1 2 x x L =
r2
o L L L = A
r4 A
F
= o
edb.r1 o T T T = A
r3 L
L A
= c
x
F F
E, A, o
AL Lo
AT, c , o
y
L
Torsional Rod
Extensional Rod
cte, o
youngs modulus, E
stress, o
shear modulus, G
poissons ratio, v
thermal strain, ct
elastic strain, ce
strain, c
r2
r1
) 1 ( 2 v +
=
E
G
r3
r4
T t A =o c
E e
o
c =
r5
G
t
=
t e c c c + =
o
c
material
Lo
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
F
AL
o
A
L
c
E
x2
x1
youngs modulus, E
al1
al3
al2
linkage
mode: shaft tension
condition reaction
allowable stress
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Analysis Modules
(CBAMs)
MCAD Tools
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus
*
CATIA Elfini
*
MSC Nastran
*
MSC Patran
*
...
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab
*
MathCAD
*
...
(APM)
Extension
Torsion
1D
1D
(ABBs)
CATIA, I-DEAS
*

Pro/E
*
, UG
*
, ...
Analysis Tools
(via SMMs)
Design Tools
2D
flap_link
critical_section
critical_simple
t2f
wf
tw
hw
t1f
area
effective_length
critical_detailed
E
v
cte area
wf
tw
hw
tf
sleeve_1
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
R3
R2
R1
R8
R9
R10
6 R
R7
R12
11 R
1 R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
name
wf
tw
tf
inter_axis_length
sleeve_2
shaft
material
linkage
sleeve_1
w
t
r
E
cross_section:basic
w
t
r
L
ws1
ts1
rs2
ws2
ts2
rs2
wf
tw
tf
E
v
deformation model
ox,max
Parameterized
FEA Model
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
mode: tension
ux,max
F
condition reaction
allowable stress
ts1
B
sleeve1
B
ts2
ds2
ds1
sleeve2
L
shaft
Leff
us
rib1 rib2
material
deformation model
Lo
Torsional Rod
G
t
J
r
u2
u1
shear modulus, G
cross section:
al1
al3
al2a
linkage
mode: shaft torsion
condition reaction
T
stress mos model
allowable stress
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
allowable
twist
Parts Libraries
In-House
*
, ...
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
47
COB-based Libraries of Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)
Material Model and Continuum ABBs - Constraint Schematic-S
Material Model ABB
Continuum ABBs
modular
re-usage
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
AT
o
t
v
G
c
c
e
c
t
material model
radius, r
undeformed length, L
o
twist,
theta start,
1
theta end,
2
r1
1 2
=
r3
0 L
r
=
J
r Tr
= t
torque, T
r
x
T T
G, r, , t, |, |
1
, |
2
,J
L
o
y
material model
temperature, T
reference temperature, T
o
force, F
area, A
undeformed length, L
o
length, L
start, x
1
end, x
2
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
AT
c o
c
e
c
t
r1
1 2
x x L =
r2
o
L L L = A
r4
A
F
= o
edb.r1
o
T T T = A
r3
L
L A
= c
x
F F
E, A, o
AL L
o
AT, c , o
y
L
Torsional Rod
Extensional Rod
cte, o
youngs modulus, E
stress, o
shear modulus, G
poissons ratio, v
thermal strain, c
t
elastic strain, c
e
strain, c
r2
r1 ) 1 ( 2 v +
=
E
G
r3
r4 T
t
A =o c
E
e
o
c =
r5
G
t
=
t e
c c c + =
o
c
Regarding classical COB notation and examples,
see References/Backup Slides
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

48
Class torsional_rod
material_model :
one_D_linear_elastic_model_isothermal
shear_modulus
shear_stress
stress
youngs_modulus
strain
shear_strain
name
theta_start
theta_end
twist
torque
radius
polar_moment_of_inertia
undeformed_length
r1 : algebraic
a
b
c
r2 : algebraic
a
b
c
d
r3 : algebraic
a
b
c
d
material_model :
shear_modulus
shear_stress
stress
youngs_modulus
strain
shear_strain
name
shear_modulus
shear_stress
stress
youngs_modulus
strain
shear_strain
name
theta_start
theta_end
twist
torque
radius
undeformed_length
r1 : algebraic
a
b
c a
b
c
r2 : algebraic
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
r3 : algebraic
a
b
c
d
a
b
c
d
par-d
Libraries of Analysis Building Blocks (ABBs)
Material Model & Continuum ABBs - SysML Parametric Diagrams
modular
re-usage
Class extensional_rod
material_model :
one_D_linear_elastic_model_noShear
elastic_strain
temperature_change
youngs_modulus
cte
name
strain stress
thermal_strain
start
end
length
total_elongation
force
area
undeformed_length
reference_temperature
temperature
r1 : algebraic
a
b
c
r2 : algebraic
a
b
c
r3 : algebraic
a
b
c
r4 : algebraic
a b
c
r1edb : algebraic
a
b
c
material_model :
elastic_strain
temperature_change
youngs_modulus
cte
name
strain stress
thermal_strain
elastic_strain
temperature_change
youngs_modulus
cte
name
strain stress
thermal_strain
start
end
length
total_elongation
force
area
undeformed_length
temperature
r1 : algebraic
a
b
c a
b
c
r2 : algebraic
a
b
c a
b
c
r3 : algebraic
a
b
c a
b
c
r4 : algebraic
a b
c
a b
c
r1edb : algebraic
a
b
c
a
b
c
par-d
Class one_D_linear_elastic_model
youngs_modulus
poissons_ratio
cte
shear_modulus
strain
stress
shear_stress
shear_strain
thermal_strain
elastic_strain
temperature_change
name
yield_stress
r1 : algebraic
a
b
c
r3 : algebraic
a
b
c
r4 : algebraic
a b
c
r5 : algebraic
a
b
c
r2 : algebraic
a
b
c
youngs_modulus
poissons_ratio
cte
shear_modulus
strain
stress
shear_stress
shear_strain
thermal_strain
elastic_strain
temperature_change
name
yield_stress
r1 : algebraic
a
b
c
a
b
c
r3 : algebraic
a
b
c a
b
c
r4 : algebraic
a b
c
a b
c
r5 : algebraic
a
b
c a
b
c
r2 : algebraic
a
b
c
a
b
c
par-d
v. 2005-12-19
49
Material Model ABB:
Continuum ABBs:
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
AT
o
t
v
G
c
ce
ct
material model
radius, r
twist,
theta start, 1
theta end, 2
r1
1 2 =
r3
0 L
r
=
J
r Tr
= t
torque, Tr
x
T T
G, r, , t, |, |1, |2 ,J
Lo
y
material model
temperature, T
force, F
area, A
length, L
start, x1
end, x2
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
AT
c o
ce
ct
r1
1 2 x x L =
r2
o L L L = A
r4 A
F
= o
edb.r1 o T T T = A
r3 L
L A
= c
x
F F
E, A, o
AL Lo
AT, c , o
y
L
Torsional Rod
Extensional Rod
cte, o
youngs modulus, E
stress, o
shear modulus, G
poissons ratio, v
thermal strain, ct
elastic strain, ce
strain, c
r2
r1
) 1 ( 2 v +
=
E
G
r3
r4
T t A =o c
E e
o
c =
r5
G
t
=
t e c c c + =
o
c
material
Lo
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
F
AL
o
A
L
c
E
x2
x1
youngs modulus, E
al1
al3
al2
linkage
mode: shaft tension
condition reaction
allowable stress
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Analysis Modules
(CBAMs)
MCAD Tools
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus
*
CATIA Elfini
*
MSC Nastran
*
MSC Patran
*
...
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab
*
MathCAD
*
...
(APM)
Extension
Torsion
1D
1D
(ABBs)
CATIA, I-DEAS
*

Pro/E
*
, UG
*
, ...
Analysis Tools
(via SMMs)
Design Tools
2D
flap_link
critical_section
critical_simple
t2f
wf
tw
hw
t1f
area
effective_length
critical_detailed
E
v
cte area
wf
tw
hw
tf
sleeve_1
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
R3
R2
R1
R8
R9
R10
6 R
R7
R12
11 R
1 R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
name
wf
tw
tf
inter_axis_length
sleeve_2
shaft
material
linkage
sleeve_1
w
t
r
E
cross_section:basic
w
t
r
L
ws1
ts1
rs2
ws2
ts2
rs2
wf
tw
tf
E
v
deformation model
ox,max
Parameterized
FEA Model
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
mode: tension
ux,max
F
condition reaction
allowable stress
ts1
B
sleeve1
B
ts2
ds2
ds1
sleeve2
L
shaft
Leff
us
rib1 rib2
material
deformation model
Lo
Torsional Rod
G
t
J
r
u2
u1
shear modulus, G
cross section:
al1
al3
al2a
linkage
mode: shaft torsion
condition reaction
T
stress mos model
allowable stress
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
allowable
twist
Parts Libraries
In-House
*
, ...
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
50
Flap Link Simulation Templates & Generic Building Blocks
SysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd) - basic view
cbam
link_analysis_model
cbam
link_extensional_model
cbam
link_torsional_model
cbam
link_plane_stress_model
abb
link_plane_stress_abb
abb
margin_of_safety_model
abb
extensional_rod_isothermal
abb
abb
torsional_rod
condition
apm
flap_link
abb
one_D_linear_elastic_model
abb
1 1
associated_condition
1
1
stress_mos_model
1
1
stress_mos_model
1
1
l
twist_mos_model
1
1
sx_mos_model
1
1
ux_mos_model
1
1
deformation_model
1
1
deformation_model
1
1
deformation_model
1
1
material_model
1
1
material_model
Generalization45
git tool caveat
bdd flap_link_cbams bdd - basic view
51
(1a) Analysis Template: Flap Link Extensional Model
Tutorial Example: Flap Link Analysis Template
COB-based CBAM - Constraint Schematic (classical view)
material
effective length, L
eff
deformation model
L
o
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
F
AL
o
A
L
c
E
x
2
x
1
youngs modulus, E
al1
al3
al2
linkage
mode: shaft tension
condition reaction
allowable stress
y
x
P P
E, A
AL L
eff
c , o
L
t
s1
A
Sleeve 1
A
t
s2
d
s2
d
s1
Sleeve 2
L
Shaft
L
eff
u
s
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Solution Tool
Interaction
Boundary Condition Objects
(links to other analyses)*
CAD-CAE
Associativity
(idealization usage)
Material Models Geometry
Requirements &
Objectives
APM
ABB
ABB
CBAM
SMM
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

52
Analysis Template: Flap Link Extensional Model
COB-based CBAM - SysML Parametric Diagram
v. 2005-12-19
apm
flap_link
critical_cross_section :
cross_section
basic : basic_I_section
area
part_number
effective_length
material
cross_section
area
cross_section
area
area area
part_number
effective_length
material
Class link_extensional_model
part
abb
stress_mos_model : margin_of_safety_model
allowable
determined
margin_of_safety
associated_condition : condition
description reaction
part
abb
deformation_model : extensional_rod_isothermal
length
total_elongation
force
area
undeformed_length
material_model :
youngs_modulus
stress name
al2 : a=b a
b
al3 : a=b a b
al4 : a=b a
b
al5 : a=b
a
b
al6 : a=b
a
b
al7 : a=b a b
link
al1 : a=b a b
part
abb
stress_mos_model : margin_of_safety_model
allowable
determined
margin_of_safety
allowable
determined
margin_of_safety
associated_condition : condition
description reaction description reaction
part
abb
deformation_model : extensional_rod_isothermal
length
total_elongation
force
area
undeformed_length
material_model :
youngs_modulus
stress name
length
total_elongation
force
area
undeformed_length
material_model :
youngs_modulus
stress name
youngs_modulus
stress name
al2 : a=b a
b
a
b
al3 : a=b a b a b
al4 : a=b a
b
a
b
al5 : a=b
a
b
a
b
al6 : a=b
a
b
a
b
al7 : a=b a b a b
link
al1 : a=b a b a b
material
stress_strain_model :
material_levels
linear_elastic :
linear_elastic_model
youngs_modulus
name yield_stress
stress_strain_model :
material_levels
linear_elastic :
youngs_modulus
linear_elastic :
youngs_modulus youngs_modulus
name yield_stress
par-d
math tool execution
53
material
effective length, L
eff
deformation model
L
o
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
F
A L
o
A
L
c
E
x
2
x
1
youngs modulus, E
shaft
critical_cross
_section
al1
al3
al2
linkage
mode: shaft tension
condition reaction
allowable stress
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
description
area, A basic
example 1, state 1
steel
10000 lbs
flaps mid position
1.125 in
2
18000 psi
30e6 psi
1.025
5.0 in
8888 psi
1.43e-3 in
Flap Link #3
material
effective length, L
eff
deformation model
L
o
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
F
A L
o
A
L
c
E
x
2
x
1
youngs modulus, E
shaft
critical_cross
_section
al1
al3
al2
linkage
mode: shaft tension
condition reaction
allowable stress
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
description
area, A basic
X
3.00e-3 in
1.125 in
2
5.0 in
Flap Link #3
0.0
steel
10000 lbs
flaps mid position
18000psi
example 1, state 3
30e6 psi
18000 psi
0.555 in
2

Analysis Template Instance with Multi-Directional I/O
Flap Link Extensional Model - COB Constraint Schematics (classical view)
Design Verification
- Input: design details
- Output:
i) idealized design parameters
ii) physical response criteria
Design Synthesis
- Input: desired physical
response criteria
- Output:
i) idealized design
parameters
(e.g., for sizing), or
ii) detailed design
parameters
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

54
Example COB Instance in XaiTools (object-oriented spreadsheet)
Detailed CAD data
from CATIA
Idealized analysis features
in APM
Explicit multi-directional associativity
between design & analysis
Modular generic analysis templates
(ABBs)
Library data for
materials
example 1, state 1
55
Material Model ABB:
Continuum ABBs:
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
AT
o
t
v
G
c
ce
ct
material model
radius, r
twist,
theta start, 1
theta end, 2
r1
1 2 =
r3
0 L
r
=
J
r Tr
= t
torque, Tr
x
T T
G, r, , t, |, |1, |2 ,J
Lo
y
material model
temperature, T
force, F
area, A
length, L
start, x1
end, x2
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
AT
c o
ce
ct
r1
1 2 x x L =
r2
o L L L = A
r4 A
F
= o
edb.r1 o T T T = A
r3 L
L A
= c
x
F F
E, A, o
AL Lo
AT, c , o
y
L
Torsional Rod
Extensional Rod
cte, o
youngs modulus, E
stress, o
shear modulus, G
poissons ratio, v
thermal strain, ct
elastic strain, ce
strain, c
r2
r1
) 1 ( 2 v +
=
E
G
r3
r4
T t A =o c
E e
o
c =
r5
G
t
=
t e c c c + =
o
c
material
Lo
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
F
AL
o
A
L
c
E
x2
x1
youngs modulus, E
al1
al3
al2
linkage
mode: shaft tension
condition reaction
allowable stress
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Analysis Modules
(CBAMs)
MCAD Tools
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus
*
CATIA Elfini
*
MSC Nastran
*
MSC Patran
*
...
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab
*
MathCAD
*
...
(APM)
Extension
Torsion
1D
1D
(ABBs)
CATIA, I-DEAS
*

Pro/E
*
, UG
*
, ...
Analysis Tools
(via SMMs)
Design Tools
2D
flap_link
critical_section
critical_simple
t2f
wf
tw
hw
t1f
area
effective_length
critical_detailed
E
v
cte area
wf
tw
hw
tf
sleeve_1
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
R3
R2
R1
R8
R9
R10
6 R
R7
R12
11 R
1 R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
name
wf
tw
tf
inter_axis_length
sleeve_2
shaft
material
linkage
sleeve_1
w
t
r
E
cross_section:basic
w
t
r
L
ws1
ts1
rs2
ws2
ts2
rs2
wf
tw
tf
E
v
deformation model
ox,max
Parameterized
FEA Model
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
mode: tension
ux,max
F
condition reaction
allowable stress
ts1
B
sleeve1
B
ts2
ds2
ds1
sleeve2
L
shaft
Leff
us
rib1 rib2
material
deformation model
Lo
Torsional Rod
G
t
J
r
u2
u1
shear modulus, G
cross section:
al1
al3
al2a
linkage
mode: shaft torsion
condition reaction
T
stress mos model
allowable stress
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
allowable
twist
Parts Libraries
In-House
*
, ...
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
56
FEA-based Analysis Template: Link Plane Stress Model
t
s1
r
s1
L
r
s2
t
s2
t
f
w
s2 w
s1
w
f
t
w
F
LL
x
y
L
C
Plane Stress Bodies
Higher fidelity version
vs. Link Extensional Model
name
wf
tw
tf
inter_axis_length
sleeve_2
shaft
material
linkage
sleeve_1
w
t
r
E
cross_section:basic
w
t
r
L
ws
1
ts
1
rs
2
ws
2
ts
2
rs
2
wf
tw
tf
E
v
deformation model
o
x,max
Parameterized
FEA Model
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
u
x
mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
mode: tension
u
x,max
F
condition reaction
allowable stress
ABB
+
SMM

SMM Template
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

57
FEA-based Analysis Template: Link Plane Stress Model
COB-based CBAM - SysML Parametric Diagram (draft layout)

link_plane_stress_model
sx_mos_model :
determined
margin_of_safety
allowable
ux_mos_model :
margin_of_safety
determined
allowable
deformation_model : link_plane_stress_abb
ts2
tw
l ux
rs2
ex
sx
ws2
ts1
ws1
force
rs1
tf
wf
nuxy
al1 : a=b
b a
al2 : a=b a
b
al3 : a=b a
b
al5 : a=b b
a
al6 : a=b
b
a
al9 : a=b
a
b
al11 : a=b
b
a
al12 : a=b
b a
al13 : a=b
a b
al7 : a=b
a
b
al8 : a=b
b
a
al9 : a=b
a
b
al8 : a=b
b
a
al14 : a=b
b
a
al7 : a=b*2.0 b a
al10 : a=b*2.0
b
a
associated_condition :
condition
description
reaction
load
link
al6 : a=b a b
sx_mos_model :
determined
margin_of_safety
allowable
determined
margin_of_safety
allowable
ux_mos_model :
margin_of_safety
determined
allowable
margin_of_safety
determined
allowable
deformation_model : link_plane_stress_abb
ts2
tw
l ux
rs2
ex
sx
ws2
ts1
ws1
force
rs1
tf
wf
nuxy
ts2
tw
l ux
rs2
ex
sx
ws2
ts1
ws1
force
rs1
tf
wf
nuxy
al1 : a=b
b a b a
al2 : a=b a
b
a
b
al3 : a=b a
b
a
b
al5 : a=b b
a
b
a
al6 : a=b
b
a
b
a
al9 : a=b
a
b
a
b
al11 : a=b
b
a
b
a
al12 : a=b
b a b a
al13 : a=b
a b a b
al7 : a=b
a
b
a
b
al8 : a=b
b
a
b
a
al9 : a=b
a
b
a
b
al8 : a=b
b
a
b
a
al14 : a=b
b
a
b
a
al7 : a=b*2.0 b a b a
al10 : a=b*2.0
b
a
b
a
condition
description
reaction
load
description
reaction
load
link
al6 : a=b a b a b
flap_link
part_number
material
sleeve1 : sleeve
width
wall_thickness
outer_diameter
sleeve2 : sleeve
width
wall_thickness
outer_diameter
flange_thickness
total_height
flange_width
web_thickness
web_height
effective_length
part_number
material
sleeve1 : sleeve
width
wall_thickness
outer_diameter
width
wall_thickness
outer_diameter
sleeve2 : sleeve
width
wall_thickness
outer_diameter
width
wall_thickness
outer_diameter
flange_thickness
total_height
flange_width
web_thickness
web_height
flange_thickness
total_height
flange_width
web_thickness
web_height
flange_thickness
total_height
flange_width
web_thickness
web_height
flange_thickness
total_height
flange_width
web_thickness
web_height
effective_length
material
name
stress_strain_model : material_levels
linear_elastic :
poissons_ratio
youngs_modulus
yield_stress
name
linear_elastic :
poissons_ratio
youngs_modulus
linear_elastic :
poissons_ratio
youngs_modulus
poissons_ratio
youngs_modulus
yield_stress
Solving supported
via math tool and
FEA tool execution
58
SMM with Parameterized FEA Model
Flap Link Plane Stress Model
!EX,NIUX,L,WS1,WS2,RS1,RS2,TS1,TS2,TW,TF,WF,FORCE
...
/prep7

! element type
et,1,plane42

! material properties
mp,ex,1,@EX@ ! elastic modulus
mp,nuxy,1,@NIUX@ ! Poissons ratio

! geometric parameters
L = @L@ ! length
ts1 = @TS1@ ! thickness of sleeve1
rs1 = @RS1@ ! radius of sleeve1 (rs1<rs2)
tf = @TF@ ! thickness of shaft flange
...

! key points
k,1,0,0
k,2,0,rs1+ts1
k,3,-(rs1+ts1)*sin(phi),(rs1+ts1)*cos(phi)
...

! lines
LARC,3,2,1,rs1+ts1,
LARC,7,3,1,rs1+ts1,
...

! areas
FLST,2,4,4
AL,P51X ...
ANSYS Prep7 Template
@EX1@ = Parameters populated by context ABB
Preprocessor Model Figure
t
s1
r
s1
L
r
s2
t
s2
t
f
w
s2 w
s1
w
f
t
w
F
LL
x
y
L
C
Plane Stress Bodies
SMM wrapped inside an ABB subsystem
as SysML parametric constraints
Class link_plane_stress_abb
r1 : CobExternalToolFunction
p5
p9
p11
p7
p4
p12
p8
r
p13
p10
p6
p1
p3
p2
p6
p8
p13
p5
p4
p2
r
p1
p3
p10
p9
p7
p12
p11
l
ws1
ts1
rs1
ws2
ts2
rs2
tw
tf
wf
force
ex
nuxy
ux
sx
p5
p9
p11
p7
p4
p12
p8
r
p13
p10
p6
p1
p3
p2
p5
p9
p11
p7
p4
p12
p8
r
p13
p10
p6
p1
p3
p2
p6
p8
p13
p5
p4
p2
r
p1
p3
p10
p9
p7
p12
p11
p6
p8
p13
p5
p4
p2
r
p1
p3
p10
p9
p7
p12
p11
l
ws1
ts1
rs1
ws2
ts2
rs2
tw
tf
wf
force
ex
nuxy
ux
sx
par-d
SMM = solution method model
59
Material Model ABB:
Continuum ABBs:
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
AT
o
t
v
G
c
ce
ct
material model
radius, r
twist,
theta start, 1
theta end, 2
r1
1 2 =
r3
0 L
r
=
J
r Tr
= t
torque, Tr
x
T T
G, r, , t, |, |1, |2 ,J
Lo
y
material model
temperature, T
force, F
area, A
length, L
start, x1
end, x2
E
o
One D Linear
Elastic Model
(no shear)
AT
c o
ce
ct
r1
1 2 x x L =
r2
o L L L = A
r4 A
F
= o
edb.r1 o T T T = A
r3 L
L A
= c
x
F F
E, A, o
AL Lo
AT, c , o
y
L
Torsional Rod
Extensional Rod
cte, o
youngs modulus, E
stress, o
shear modulus, G
poissons ratio, v
thermal strain, ct
elastic strain, ce
strain, c
r2
r1
) 1 ( 2 v +
=
E
G
r3
r4
T t A =o c
E e
o
c =
r5
G
t
=
t e c c c + =
o
c
material
Lo
Extensional Rod
(isothermal)
F
AL
o
A
L
c
E
x2
x1
youngs modulus, E
al1
al3
al2
linkage
mode: shaft tension
condition reaction
allowable stress
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Analysis Modules
(CBAMs)
MCAD Tools
Materials Libraries
In-House, ...
FEA
Ansys
Abaqus
*
CATIA Elfini
*
MSC Nastran
*
MSC Patran
*
...
General Math
Mathematica
Matlab
*
MathCAD
*
...
(APM)
Extension
Torsion
1D
1D
(ABBs)
CATIA, I-DEAS
*

Pro/E
*
, UG
*
, ...
Analysis Tools
(via SMMs)
Design Tools
2D
flap_link
critical_section
critical_simple
t2f
wf
tw
hw
t1f
area
effective_length
critical_detailed
E
v
cte area
wf
tw
hw
tf
sleeve_1
b
h
t
b
h
t
sleeve_2
shaft
rib_1
material
rib_2
w
t
r
x
name
t2f
wf
tw
t1f
cross_section
w
t
r
x
R3
R2
R1
R8
R9
R10
6 R
R7
R12
11 R
1 R
2
3
4
5
R
R
R
R
name
wf
tw
tf
inter_axis_length
sleeve_2
shaft
material
linkage
sleeve_1
w
t
r
E
cross_section:basic
w
t
r
L
ws1
ts1
rs2
ws2
ts2
rs2
wf
tw
tf
E
v
deformation model
ox,max
Parameterized
FEA Model
stress mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
ux mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
mode: tension
ux,max
F
condition reaction
allowable stress
ts1
B
sleeve1
B
ts2
ds2
ds1
sleeve2
L
shaft
Leff
us
rib1 rib2
material
deformation model
Lo
Torsional Rod
G
t
J
r
u2
u1
shear modulus, G
cross section:
al1
al3
al2a
linkage
mode: shaft torsion
condition reaction
T
stress mos model
allowable stress
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
allowable
twist
Parts Libraries
In-House
*
, ...
Legend
Tool Associativity
Object Re-use
60
Analysis Template: Flap Link Torsional Model
material
effective length, L
eff
deformation model
L
o
Torsional Rod
G
t
J
r
u
2
u
1
shear modulus, G
cross section:
effective ring
al1
al3
al2a
linkage
mode: shaft torsion
condition reaction
t
s1
A
Sleeve 1
A
t
s2
d
s2
d
s1
Sleeve 2
L
Shaft
L
eff
u
s
T
outer radius, r
o
al2b
stress mos model
allowable stress
twist mos model
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
Margin of Safety
(> case)
allowable
actual
MS
allowable
twist
Diverse Mode (Behavior) vs. Link Extensional Model
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

61
Analysis Template: Flap Link Torsional Model
COB-based CBAM - SysML Parametric Diagram (draft layout)
link_torsional_model
stress_mos_model :
allowable
margin_of_safety
determined
twist_mos_model :
margin_of_safety
determined
allowable
deformation_model : torsional_rod
theta_end
theta_start
twist
temperature
torque
radius
undeformed_length
material_model :
one_D_linear_elastic_m-
odel_isothermal
shear_stress
name
shear_modulus
al1 : a=b
a
b
al1a : a=b/2.1
a
b
al2 : a=b*0.9 b
a
al3 : a=b b
a
al4 : a=b
b a
al5 : a=b
a
b
al6 : a=b
b a
al7 : a=b
a
b
al8 : a=b b
a
al9 : a=b
a
b
condition
reaction
description
load
stress_mos_model :
allowable
margin_of_safety
determined
allowable
margin_of_safety
determined
twist_mos_model :
margin_of_safety
determined
allowable
margin_of_safety
determined
allowable
deformation_model : torsional_rod
theta_end
theta_start
twist
temperature
torque
radius
undeformed_length
material_model :
odel_isothermal
shear_stress
name
shear_modulus
theta_end
theta_start
twist
temperature
torque
radius
undeformed_length
material_model :
odel_isothermal
shear_stress
name
shear_modulus
shear_stress
name
shear_modulus
al1 : a=b
a
b
a
b
al1a : a=b/2.1
a
b
a
b
al2 : a=b*0.9 b
a
b
a
al3 : a=b b
a
b
a
al4 : a=b
b a b a
al5 : a=b
a
b
a
b
al6 : a=b
b a b a
al7 : a=b
a
b
a
b
al8 : a=b b
a
b
a
al9 : a=b
a
b
a
b
condition
reaction
description
load
reaction
description
load
flap_link
total_height
area
part_number
material
allowable_twist
effective_length
total_height
area
total_height
area
total_height
area
total_height
area
part_number
material
allowable_twist
effective_length
material
name
yield_stress
linear_elastic :
shear_modulus
name
yield_stress
linear_elastic :
shear_modulus
linear_elastic :
shear_modulus shear_modulus
math tool execution
62
Modularity and Reusability in
Flap Link Benchmark Problem
SysML Package Structure
cobs
git-schema
flap_link_cbams
git-schema
flap_link_apm
common
git-schema
abbs
git-schema
apm
git-schema
geometry
git-schema
materials
git-schema
flap_link_cbams
git-schema
flap_link_apm
common
git-schema
abbs
git-schema
apm
git-schema
geometry
git-schema
materials
git-schema
abbs
git-schema
apm
git-schema
geometry
git-schema
materials
git-use-from
git-use-from
git-use-from
Copyright 2005
63
Next Steps
Update current examples and tool interfaces
Conformance to SysML spec
SysML v0.98 (SST) - ~2006-01
SysML v1.0 - ~2006-1Q
Draft recommended practices for SysML-based CAD/CAE
and general parametrics usage
Expand examples: other system levels, constructs,
domains, CAD tools, CAE solvers, ...
Copyright 2005
64
Summary
Completed several test cases on representing
executable physics-based CAE models in SysML
Tutorial & benchmark problems
Triangles, analytical springs, flap link
Includes interfaces to representative COTS solvers
General math: Mathematica
FEA: Ansys
Leverages composable object (COB)
and simulation template techniques
Usage for knowledge capture & usage
MRA for CAD-CAE and systems-of-systems (SoS)
Diverse CAD/CAE tools, behaviors, fidelity, ...
Modular, reusable simulation building blocks
and fine-grained inter-model associativity
Copyright 2005
65
Reference & Backup Slides
Copyright 2005
67
Copyright 2005
68
Contents - Part 1
Purpose
Summary
Triangle tutorial
[plus see flap link example above and references]
Design Models Analysis Models Design Models Analysis Models
Frame of Reference
CAD-CAE Model Representation & Interoperability R&D
~1992 - Present
Resulting techniques to date:
Architecture with new model abstractions (patterns)
Enables modular, reusable building blocks
Supports diversity:
Product domains and physical behaviors
CAD/E methods and tools
Supports multiple levels of fidelity
Other Model Abstractions (Patterns)
Frame of Reference (cont.)
Key Capabilities
Represent design-analysis model associativity
as tool-independent knowledge
Provide methodology
Capture analysis idealization knowledge
Create highly automated analysis templates
Support product design
Design Models Analysis Models Other Model Abstractions (Patterns)
Idealization & Associativity Relations
Product-
Specific
Product-
Independent
+
ABB SMM
3
SMM ABB
u
APM ABB
CBAM
APM
Solder Joint
Component
PWB
Solder Joint
Component
PWB
body
3
body
2
body
1
body
4
T
0
body
3
body
2
body
1
body
4
T
0
Solder
Joint
Component
Solder
Joint
Component
Analyzable
Product Model
I
i
Frame of Reference (cont.)
Mapping to a Conceptual Architecture
Multi-Representation Architecture (MRA)
C
L
1
geometry
body
PWB
Solder
Joint
Epoxy
Component
base: Alumina
core: FR4
total height, h
u
1
u
2
APM
u
ABB
I
1
:
I
3
:
3 APM 4 CBAM
2 ABB
c
4
body
3
body
2
body
1
h
o
T
primary structural
material
I
2
:
i
i
i
C
L
C
L
1
geometry
body
PWB
Solder
Joint
Epoxy
Component
base: Alumina
core: FR4
total height, h
u
1
u
2
APM
u
ABB
I
1
:
I
3
:
3 APM 4 CBAM
2 ABB
c
4
body
3
body
2
body
1
h
o
T
primary structural
material
I
2
:
i
i
i
1 SMM
Design Model Analysis Model
ABB
+
SMM
A Basic Solder Joint Deformation Template
Informal Associativity Diagram
Printed Wiring Board/Assembly (PWA/PWB)
FEA Model
+
ABB SMM
3
SMM ABB
u
APM ABB
CBAM
APM
Solder Joint
Component
PWB
Solder Joint
Component
PWB
body
3
body
2
body
1
body
4
T
0
body
3
body
2
body
1
body
4
T
0
Solder
Joint
Component
Solder
Joint
Component
Analyzable
Product Model
I
i
http://eislab.gatech.edu/pubs/conferences/2003-asme-detc-peak/
Preliminary Characterization of CAD-CAE Interoperability Problem
Estimated quantities for all structural analyses of a complex system (airframe)
O(100) tools
O(10K) template types and
O(100K) template instances
O(100) building blocks
O(10K) relevant parts
+
ABB SMM
3
SMM ABB
u
APM ABB
CBAM
APM
Solder Joint
Component
PWB
Solder Joint
Component
PWB
body
3
body
2
body
1
body
4
T
0
body
3
body
2
body
1
body
4
T
0
Solder
Joint
Component
Solder
Joint
Component
Analyzable
Product Model
I
i
Preliminary Characterization of CAD-CAE Interoperability Problem
Estimated quantities for all structural analyses of a complex system (airframe) - cont.
O(100K) template instances containing
O(1M) associativity relations
associativity gap = computer-insensible relation ~1M gaps
CAD-CAE associativity relations are represented
as APM-ABB relations,
APM
u
ABB
, inside CBAMs
Copyright 2005
75
Contents - Part 1
Purpose
Summary
Triangle tutorial
Copyright 2005
76
Test Cases
Triangle
Spring systems
Simulation template
tutorials (A, B)
Racing bike

Tool Interfaces
A. Math solvers:
1. Mathematica
(FEA) solvers:
1. Ansys
1. Modelica/Dymola

Note: The SysML notation used in these slides roughly corresponds to SysML draft v0.9 plus more recent updates (approximately R. Burkhart blocks inputs as contained
in SysML spec v0.98 by SST) and experimental variations. We intend to update these examples with the final official notation when v1.0 that becomes available.
COB Structure: Graphical Forms
Tutorial: Analytical Spring Primitive
Basic Constraint Schematic-S Notation
L
A
L
F k
undeformed length,
spring constant, force,
total elongation,
1
x
L length,
0
2
x
start,
end,
o
L L L = A
1 2
x x L =
L k F A =
r1
r2
r3
F F
k
A
L
deformed state
L
o
L
x
2
x
1
L k F r
L L L r
x x L r
A =
= A
=
:
:
:
3
0 2
1 2 1
b. Relations-S
Spring
Elementary
L
A
L
F k
1
x L
0
2
x
d. Subsystem-S
s
a b
d c
a
b
d
c
e
r1
[1.2]
[1.1]
f g
c b e =
r2
h
w
L [ j:1,n]
w
j
s
a b
d c
a
b
d
c
e
r1
[1.2]
[1.1]
f g
c b e =
r2
h
w
L [ j:1,n]
w
j
subsystem s
of cob type h
equality relation
e = f
subvariable s.b
option 1.1:
f = s.d
option 1.2:
f = g
option category 1
aggregate c.w
element w
j
subsystem s
of cob type h
equality relation
e = f
subvariable s.b
option 1.1:
f = s.d
option 1.2:
f = g
option category 1
aggregate c.w
element w
j
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

Analytical Spring Implemented
using SysML Block and Parametrics
spring
r1 : c=a-b
a
b
c
r2 : c=a-b
a
c
b
r3 : c=a*b
c b
a
undeformed_length
spring_constant
start
end0
length0
total_elongation
force
r1 : c=a-b
a
b
c
a
b
c
r2 : c=a-b
a
c
b
a
c
b
r3 : c=a*b
c b
a
c b
a
undeformed_length
spring_constant
start
end0
length0
total_elongation
force
COB Structure (cont.): Lexical Form
Spring Primitive
L
A
L
F k
undeformed length,
total elongation,
1
x
L length,
0
2
x
start,
end,
o
L L L = A
1 2
x x L =
L k F A =
r1
r2
r3
Constraint Schematic-S
Lexical COB Structure (COS)
COB spring SUBTYPE_OF abb;
undeformed_length, L0 : REAL;
spring_constant, k : REAL;
start, x1 : REAL;
end, x2 : REAL;
length, L : REAL;
total_elongation, ΔL : REAL;
force, F : REAL;
RELATIONS
r1 : "<length> == <end> - <start>";
r2 : "<total_elongation> == <length> - <undeformed_length>";
r3 : "<force> == <spring_constant> * <total_elongation>";
END_COB;
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

Spring Primitive

INSTANCE_OF spring;
undeformed_length : 20.0;
spring_constant : 5.0;
total_elongation : ?;
force : 10.0;
END_INSTANCE;

state 1.1 (solved):

INSTANCE_OF spring;
start : ?;
end : ?;
length : 22.0;
total_elongation : 2.0;
force : 10.0;
END_INSTANCE;
22 mm
10 N
2 mm
5 N/mm
20 mm
L
A
L
F k
undeformed length,
total elongation,
1
x
L length,
0
2
x
start,
end,
o
L L L = A
1 2
x x L =
L k F A =
r1
r2
r3
Basic Constraint Schematic-I Notation
200 lbs
30e6 psi
Result b = 30e6 psi
(output or intermediate variable)
Result c = 200 lbs
(output of primary interest)
X
Relation r1 is suspended
X r1
100 lbs
Input a = 100 lbs
Equality relation is suspended
a
b
c
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

2 mm
40 N 20 N/mm
20 mm
10 mm
32 mm
22 mm
L
A
L
F k
undeformed length,
total elongation,
1
x
L length,
0
2
x
start,
end,
o
L L L = A
1 2
x x L =
L k F A =
r1
r2
r3
Multi-Directional I/O (non-causal)
Spring Primitive

INSTANCE_OF spring;
spring_constant : ?;
start : 10.0;
length : 22.0;
force : 40.0;
END_INSTANCE;

state 5.1 (solved):

INSTANCE_OF spring;
start : 10.0;
end : 32.0;
length : 22.0;
total_elongation : 2.0;
force : 40.0;
END_INSTANCE;
Design Verification
Design Synthesis
22 mm
10 N
2 mm
5 N/mm
20 mm
L
A
L
F k
undeformed length,
total elongation,
1
x
L length,
0
2
x
start,
end,
o
L L L = A
1 2
x x L =
L k F A =
r1
r2
r3
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

Traditional Mathematical Representation
Tutorial: Two Spring System
System Figure
P
k
1
k
2
2
u
1
u
L
10
k
1
x
12
F
1

AL
1
L
1
x
11
F
1

L
20
k
2
x
22
F
2

AL
2
L
2
x
21
F
2

Free Body Diagrams
2 2 2 23
20 2 2 22
21 22 2 21
1 1 1 13
10 1 1 12
11 12 1 11
:
:
:
:
:
:
L k F r
L L L r
x x L r
L k F r
L L L r
x x L r
A =
= A
=
A =
= A
=
Variables and Relations
Boundary Conditions
Kinematic Relations
Constitutive Relations
1 2 2 6
1 1 5
2 4
2 1 3
21 12 2
11 1
:
:
:
:
:
0 :
u L u bc
L u bc
P F bc
F F bc
x x bc
x bc
+ A =
A =
=
=
=
=
bc1
spring 1
2
u
spring 2
1
u
P
Spring
Elementary
L
A
L
F k
1
x L
0
2
x
1 2 2
u L u + A =
bc2 bc3
bc4
bc6
Spring
Elementary
L
A
L
F k
1
x L
0
2
x
bc5
0
11
= x
COB Constraint Schematic-S
Two Spring System
2 2 2 23
20 2 2 22
21 22 2 21
1 1 1 13
10 1 1 12
11 12 1 11
:
:
:
:
:
:
L k F r
L L L r
x x L r
L k F r
L L L r
x x L r
A =
= A
=
A =
= A
=
P
k
1
k
2
u
2
u
1
System-Level Relations
(Boundary Conditions)
Analysis Primitives
with
Encapsulated Relations
1 2 2 6
1 1 5
2 4
2 1 3
21 12 2
11 1
:
:
:
:
:
0 :
u L u bc
L u bc
P F bc
F F bc
x x bc
x bc
+ A =
A =
=
=
=
=
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

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i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

Spring System Implemented
git-root-cob
abb
two_spring_system
deformation1 : REAL
deformation2 : REAL
load : REAL
abb
spring
undeformed_length : REAL
spring_constant : REAL
start : REAL
end0 : REAL
length0 : REAL
total_elongation : REAL
force : REAL
1 1
spring1
1 1
spring2
SysML Block Definition Diagram (bdd)
Class two_spring_system
deformation1 : REAL
deformation2 : REAL
load : REAL
part
abb
1
spring2 : spring
undeformed_length
spring_constant
start
end0
length0
total_elongation
force
part
abb
1
spring1 : spring
force
total_elongation
length0
end0
start
spring_constant
undeformed_length
bc1 : a=0
a
bc2 : a=b
a
b
bc3 : a=b
a
b
bc4 : a=b
a
b
bc5 : a=b
a
b
bc6 : c=a+b
a
b
c
deformation1 : REAL
deformation2 : REAL
load : REAL
part
abb
1
spring2 : spring
undeformed_length
spring_constant
start
end0
length0
total_elongation
force
undeformed_length
spring_constant
start
end0
length0
total_elongation
force
part
abb
1
spring1 : spring
force
total_elongation
length0
end0
start
spring_constant
undeformed_length
force
total_elongation
length0
end0
start
spring_constant
undeformed_length
bc1 : a=0
aa
bc2 : a=b
a
b
a
b
bc3 : a=b
a
b
a
b
bc4 : a=b
a
b
a
b
bc5 : a=b
a
b
a
b
bc6 : c=a+b
a
b
c
a
b
c
par-d
Constraint Graph-S
Two Spring System
P
k
1
k
2
2
u
1
u
2 2 2 23
20 2 2 22
21 22 2 21
1 1 1 13
10 1 1 12
11 12 1 11
:
:
:
:
:
:
L k F r
L L L r
x x L r
L k F r
L L L r
x x L r
A =
= A
=
A =
= A
=
1 2 2 6
1 1 5
2 4
2 1 3
21 12 2
11 1
:
:
:
:
:
0 :
u L u bc
L u bc
P F bc
F F bc
x x bc
x bc
+ A =
A =
=
=
=
=
spring2
spring1
L
10
k
1
AL
1
L
1
L
20
k
2
x
21
x
22
F
2
AL
2
F
1
x
12
u
1
u
2
P
L
2
bc4
r12
r13
r22
r23
bc5
bc6
bc3
r11
r21
bc2
bc1
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

spring2
spring1
L
10
k
1
AL
1
L
1
L
20
k
2
x
21
x
22
F
2

AL
2
F
1

x
11
x
12
u
1
u
2
P
L
2
bc4
r12
r13
r22
r23
bc5
bc6
bc3
r11
r21
bc2
bc1
bc1
spring 1
2
u
spring 2
1
u
P
Spring
Elementary
L
A
L
F k
1
x L
0
2
x
1 2 2
u L u + A =
bc2 bc3
bc4
bc6
Spring
Elementary
L
A
L
F k
1
x L
0
2
x
bc5
0
11
= x
COB Representation
Constraint Schematic-S: Two Spring System
Constraint Graph-S
Encapsulated form (hides details)
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

COBs as Building Blocks
Two Spring System
P
k
1
k
2
u
2
u
1
Lexical COB Structure (COS)
COB spring_system SUBTYPE_OF analysis_system;
spring1 : spring;
spring2 : spring;
deformation1, u1 : REAL;
deformation2, u2 : REAL;
load, P : REAL;
RELATIONS
bc1 : "<spring1.start> == 0.0";
bc2 : "<spring1.end> == <spring2.start>";
bc3 : "<spring1.force> == <spring2.force>";
bc4 : "<spring2.force> == <load>";
bc5 : "<deformation1> ==
<spring1.total_elongation>";
bc6 : "<deformation2> ==
<spring2.total_elongation> + <deformation1>";
END_COB;
bc1
spring 1
2
u
spring 2
1
u
P
Spring
Elementary
L
A
L
F k
1
x L
0
2
x
1 2 2
u L u + A =
bc2 bc3
bc4
bc6
Spring
Elementary
L
A
L
F k
1
x L
0
2
x
bc5
0
11
= x
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

INSTANCE_OF spring_system;
spring1.undeformed_length : 8.0;
spring1.spring_constant : 5.5;
load : 10.0;
deformation2 : ?;
END_INSTANCE;
state 1.1 (solved):
INSTANCE_OF spring_system;
spring1.start : 0.0;
spring1.end : 9.818;
spring1.force : 10.0;
spring1.total_elongation : 1.818;
spring1.length : 9.818;
spring2.start : 9.818;
spring2.force : 10.0;
spring2.total_elongation : 1.667;
spring2.length : 9.667;
spring2.end : 19.48;
load : 10.0;
deformation1 : 1.818;
deformation2 : 3.485;
END_INSTANCE;
Analysis System Instance
Two Spring System
bc1
spring 1
2
u
spring 2
1
u
P
Spring
Elementary
L
A
L
F k
1
x L
0
2
x
1 2 2
u L u + A =
bc2 bc3
bc4
bc6
Spring
Elementary
L
A
L
F k
1
x L
0
2
x
bc5
0
11
= x
1.818
10.0
6.0
8.0
5.5
8.0
3.485
9.818
10.0
10.0
9.818
1.667
9.667
19.48
1.818
9.818
C
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
l

C
O
B

N
o
t
a
t
i
o
n

[
P
e
a
k
,

1
9
9
3
;

T
a
m
b
u
r
i
n
i
,

1
9
9
9
;

W
i
l
s
o
n
,

2
0
0
0
]

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