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Presentationonshockwaves 170308045629
Presentationonshockwaves 170308045629
Jayanth
Pin.no:222012404009
In descriptive terms Shock wave is a very sharp, thin, wave front.
At sea level shock wave in air has a thickness of about one micro inch or 10-6 inches.
Examples :
Natural : Thunder, Earthquake, Meteor Strike,
Solar Wind.
Man Made Inventions: Bull-Whip, Gunpowder,
Bombs. Shock Wave generated by an exploding copper wire.
Simplest way of how shock way is generated is by observing a moving piston in a
cylinder.
Attime t1 , a push
generates gentle Wave
a Mach .
At time t2, another gentle push
generates another Mach Wave.
Ambient molecules after getting hit by shock front undergo collisions to achieve a new
equilibrium state behind the shock wave.
With the invention of gunpowder and modern chemical explosives, man was able to increase
his capacity for generating ever stronger shock waves for destructive or peaceful purpose.
In military field, explosives and propellants with slow burning rates are used as initiators
and accelerators in all type of ammunition for rifles, guns, rocket launchers, bombs etc.
In industrial applications for peaceful purposes, explosions are used extensively in mining,
civil engineering, mechanical engineering and in space programs.
In figure it is seen
under varying condition of
blast
pressure and the shock wave
decay
radius, not take place at
does
constant rate.
The decay is greatest at early
times and least at late times.
CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS AND SHOCK WAVES.
(contd.)
Figure shows the aerial photograph of 500- Figure shows the detonation of 20-ton
ton charge of TNT. The aerial photograph was hemispherical charge. The turbulent white
taken 0+0.7 seconds. explosive gas can be seen driving the shock.
CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS AND SHOCK WAVES.
(contd.)
The great masses of gas in our sun and in the stars are heated by nuclear reactions to interior
temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees at enormous pressure and incredibly high
densities.
Exploding shock waves, generated from the rapid heat addition of the nuclear reactions can
move from dense interior to the rarefied gas at the outer surface of a star.
SOLAR WIND
The solar furnace radiates energy at rate of 4x1026 watts therefore the sun every second
emits energy with a TNT equivalent of 1011 megaton bomb blasts.
Of this the earth receives a energy of a 50Megaton bomb blast per second. This is quite
sufficient to supply energy required to generate thunderstorms, winds and other thermal
phenomenon on earth.
SOLAR WINDS (contd.)
The sun issues a steady solar wind stream of fully ionized particles consisting of
electrons ,
and nucleons of hydrogen.
The solar wind blows with a supersonic velocity of about 250 miles per second.
Figure shows interaction of solar wind with earth and its magnetic field.
Our eyes cannot normally distinguish a shock wave in a gas, liquid or solid, because air is
invisible to us whether it is at low or high pressure.
However as density of gas increases, the refractive index also increases. This makes it
possible to visualize shock waves by means of relatively simple techniques such as shadow
photography.
How many times since infancy have we been startled from our sleep by crash of thunder?
How often during our waking hours have we been awed by blinding flashes of lightening ?
THUNDER
It is probably the most prevalent
example of shock waves that man
encounters during his span on earth.
VOLCANICERUPTIONS
The ejected steam, burning gases
solid material in volcanic eruptions can
and
be spectacular and shock waves generated
by this fast moving can be heard over A dramatic presentation of lightening strokes over Arizona.
agreater distance.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2XlDa3WxVJ0
The scientific and technological study of cosmic and terrestrial shock waves can be
fascinating.
Unfortunately, it is bound up with a threat to human life from firearms, chemical explosions
and nuclear weapons on a scale that extends from individual tragedy to a possible world
catastrophe involving millions of people.
The foregoing overview of shock wave phenomenon in Space and on Earth has illustrated
their universal importance. We are just now beginning to understand their cosmic roles.
Ultimately it is the individual who has the power to decide how the knife shall be used: to
sustain life or to take life.
THANK YOU