Orthodontic

appliances
Classification

1. According to force:
 Active.
 Passive.

2. According to position:
 Intra-oral.
 Extra-oral.
3. According to action & design:
 Removable.
 Fixed.
 Functional.
Requirements of orthodontic appliances

1. Should be comfortable and accepted by the

patient.
2. well tolerated by the oral tissues.
3. Strong enough to withstand the oral
functions.
4. Healthy and easily cleaned by the patient.
5. Firmly positioned in the oral cavity without
endangering the teeth and surrounding
tissues.
6. Non expensive and easily fabricated.
REMOVABLE ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Components
1. Retention components
Clasps e.g. Adam's and Jackson's clasps.
Festooning of acrylic plate which engage the
teeth undercut areas.
Adhesion of acrylic plate to the hard palate.
2. Force component
Springs, elastics and screws.
3. Connecting framework, usually made of
acrylic resin.
 Advantages
1. Tolerated by the patients especially children.
2. Allow for some types of growth guidance.
3. More hygienic and easily cleaned by the patient.
4. produce intermittent forces, so that, the teeth
supporting tissues have a chance to re-organize.
5. Easily fabricated.
6. Short chair time.
7. Non-expensive
Disadvantages
1. Produce only tipping and limited rotational
movements.
2. Less control over the teeth movement.
3. Used only in treatment of simple mal-position
of the teeth.
4. Anchorage is difficult.
5. Retention is somewhat difficult, displacement
of the appliance sometimes occurs upon
activation.
6. Require patient's co-operation.
Functional Appliances
FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES
 Functional appliances are removable or fixed
appliances in which, the force component is
derived from the orofacial and masticatory
muscles.
 They work well in the mixed dentition stage
and during the active growth period.
Mode of action
1. Transmit the force of masticatory muscles to
the jaws and teeth (activators).
2. Transmit the force of orofacial muscles to the
teeth (active oral screen).
3. Prevent the adverse forces of orofacial muscles
from affecting the teeth position (Oral screen and
buccal shields).
4. Induce dental changes by modifying the
surrounding environment.
5. Induce skeletal changes by modifying
mandibular and maxillary growth.
Tongue Guard
Lip Bumper
Twin Block Appliance
Mono-block Activator
Orthopedic Appliances
Face Mask
Head Gear
Chin Cup
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Components:
1. Retention components
According to the mode of retention, the fixed
appliances can be divided into:
A. Banded appliances
The attachments are welded to stainless steel
bands that adhere to the teeth by cementation
B. Bonded appliances
The attachments can adhere directly to the teeth by
the direct bonding technique.
Types of attachments
1. Molar tubes
Usually fitted to the last banded molars, they may have a round
or rectangular section to receive round or rectangular wires.
They may be single, double or triple, the combination tubes
have a large round tube to receive the inner bow of the
extraoral devices.
2. Brackets
Usually fitted to the labial and buccal surfaces of all teeth
anterior to the last banded molars. There are different types of
brackets but the most common are the Edgewise brackets.
They have rectangular slots that can receive a round or
rectangular wires. Brackets may be single or double (siamese).
Brackets made of various materials, they may be stainless
steel, plastic or ceramic.
3. Hooks, buttons and cleats.
Can be used for attachment of auxiliary forces.
Orthodontic Bands &
Tubes
Metal Brackets
Clear Brackets
II Force components
Stainless steel springs, stainless steel multi
looped arch or latex rubber elastics.
Class II Elastics
Advantages of fixed appliances

1. Can produce all types of tooth movements

(multiple teeth movement).
2. More precise control over the teeth
movement.
3. Can be used in treatment of complex
malocclusion.
4. Reduce treatment time.
5. Not depend upon patient co-operation and
not require a special skill of the patient.
 Disadvantages of fixed appliances
1. Non hygienic and difficult to be cleaned properly by the
patient.
2. Require the greatest effort of the patient in the home care of
the teeth and appliance.
3. It possible to produce an adverse effects upon the teeth and
supporting tissues.
4. Require the greatest skill and experience of the operator.
5. Require periodic follow up and much adjustment.
6. Long chair time.
7. Expensive
Separating Elastics
Elastic Modules
FIXED-REMOVABLE APPLIANCES

 Used for treatment of simple

malocclusion, which could not
achieved with removable
appliances alone. The removable
part of the appliance make it
easily constructed and more
hygienic.
Orthodontic Retainers

Fixed Retainers Removable Retainers

Fixed Retainers Removable Retainers
Thank you all and good luck